Over the past several decades, the MIL-STD-1553 networking technology has found use in a number of military and aerospace platforms including applications on aircraft, ships, tanks, missiles, satellites, and even the ...
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Over the past several decades, the MIL-STD-1553 networking technology has found use in a number of military and aerospace platforms including applications on aircraft, ships, tanks, missiles, satellites, and even the International Space Station. In developing software applications for these platforms, the use of modern, open networking standards such as TCP/IP is often a preferable solution. The Internet Protocol (IP) provides communications routing, and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides reliable delivery to the application level. Furthermore, higher-level protocols such as HTTP, FTP, etc can be utilized in a TCP/IP environment. Though these open communications standards are preferable for many situations, the MIL-STD-1553B standard does not immediately lend itself to TCP/IP communications. One of the reasons for this is the fundamental difference between the MIL-STD-1553B networking standard, which relies on a bus controller to control communications, and other data link layer networking protocols such as IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) which are CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) networks, and are thus decentralized. Despite differences in MIL-STD-1553B networking and more traditional data link layer networking protocols, there is nothing fundamentally preventing IP communication over a 1553 network. We have implemented a method of encapsulating IP datagrams within MIL-STD-1553B data messages that allows for transparent use of Internet Protocol (IP) APIs at the application level. Our system allows legacy 1553 messages to also be transported over the network, and even allows legacy messages to take a higher transmission priority over IP traffic. We analyze the advantages of such a system and the performance level we have achieved with our implementation of this concept.
The first museum in China was built in 1905, years after the concept of museums was introduced from the West at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1980s theories of a new kind of museums - the eco-museums - spr...
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The first museum in China was built in 1905, years after the concept of museums was introduced from the West at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1980s theories of a new kind of museums - the eco-museums - spread to China and led to the birth of the country's first eco-museum in 1995. Museums and studies about them, which develop as the society evolves, have been an important part of the modern civilization .
This paper presents the QALL-ME benchmark, a multilingual resource of annotated spoken requests in the tourism domain, freely available for research purposes. The languages currently involved in the project are Italia...
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ISBN:
(纸本)2951740840
This paper presents the QALL-ME benchmark, a multilingual resource of annotated spoken requests in the tourism domain, freely available for research purposes. The languages currently involved in the project are Italian, English, Spanish and German. It introduces a semantic annotation scheme for spoken information access requests, specifically derived from Question Answering (QA) research. In addition to pragmatic and semantic annotations, we propose three QA-based annotation levels: the Expected Answer Type, the Expected Answer Quantifier and the Question Topical Target of a request, to fully capture the content of a request and extract the sought-after information. The QALL-ME benchmark is developed under the EU-FP6 QALL-ME project which aims at the realization of a shared and distributed infrastructure for Question Answering (QA) systems on mobile devices (e. g. mobile phones). Questions are formulated by the users in free natural language input, and the system returns the actual sequence of words which constitutes the answer from a collection of information sources (e. g. documents, databases). Within this framework, the benchmark has the twofold purpose of training machine learning based applications for QA, and testing their actual performance with a rapid turnaround in controlled laboratory setting.
Comprehending the circumstances is an essential element of every autonomous driving system. Computer vision harbors the task of semantic segmentation as one of its core components wherein each pixel in an image is lab...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350365306
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350365313
Comprehending the circumstances is an essential element of every autonomous driving system. Computer vision harbors the task of semantic segmentation as one of its core components wherein each pixel in an image is labeled with precise labels. The task has found significant applications in areas like autonomous driving plus analysis of images and videos, not to mention medical imaging and scene understanding. The progress made in semantic segmentation through the utilization of deep learning techniques has been truly extraordinary. Our study introduces a groundbreaking approach known as hybrid evolutionary weighted ensemble, which combines the strengths of two deep models. Two distinct segmentation models will be developed using U-Net and ResNet34 as the decoder and the encoder respectively for the first model using transfer learning technique, we are able to create individual segmentation models. Additionally, we consider SegNet another highly regarded convolutional neural network for image segmentation as our second deep model. With the goal of enhancing the accuracy of the deep learning model, we propose an evolutionary leap towards the convergence of the DL model accuracy will be achieved through the introduction of a hybrid weighted ensemble model. This shall be done by combining ResNet34, an individual U-Net-based DTL model, with SegNet model and then executing fine-tuning. To assess the effectiveness of the hybrid network, we conducted an evaluation using the widely recognized and demanding CamVid dataset. Through our experiments, we were able to showcase that the hybrid network outperforms other popular semantic segmentation algorithms by a significant margin, solidifying its position as a cutting-edge solution.
Large Language Models (LLMs) do not differentially represent numbers, which are pervasive in text. In contrast, neuroscience research has identified distinct neural representations for numbers and words. In this work,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781959429623
Large Language Models (LLMs) do not differentially represent numbers, which are pervasive in text. In contrast, neuroscience research has identified distinct neural representations for numbers and words. In this work, we investigate how well popular LLMs capture the magnitudes of numbers (e.g., that 4 < 5) from a behavioral lens. Prior research on the representational capabilities of LLMs evaluates whether they show human-level performance, for instance, high overall accuracy on standard benchmarks. Here, we ask a different question, one inspired by cognitive science: How closely do the number representations of LLMs correspond to those of human language users, who typically demonstrate the distance, size, and ratio effects? We depend on a linking hypothesis to map the similarities among the model embeddings of number words and digits to human response times. The results reveal surprisingly human-like representations across language models of different architectures, despite the absence of the neural circuitry that directly supports these representations in the human brain. This research shows the utility of understanding LLMs using behavioral benchmarks and points the way to future work on the number of representations of LLMs and their cognitive plausibility.
With the increasing size, complexity and multidimensionality of medical research data, traditional statistical methods are becoming more and more difficult in analysis. Visualization can present data in an intuitive, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538660676
With the increasing size, complexity and multidimensionality of medical research data, traditional statistical methods are becoming more and more difficult in analysis. Visualization can present data in an intuitive, visual, and easy-to-read format, which helps medical researchers understand data, and discover scientific views from the interpretation of data. At the same time, as a new parallel computing model, spark technology can also greatly improve the efficiency of the operation. In this article, we explored the application of data visualization methods and spark technology in the study of medical multidimensional data, and developed a visualization scientific discovery platform named datasparking for medical multidimensional data. The platform integrates the functions of interactive chart analysis and statistical analysis methods. It can complete the display of medical multi-dimensional data and analysis of statistical methods, and has the ability to conduct exploratory analysis of medical data. Also, the platform is implemented with Spark as the bottom layer, which improves the efficiency of statistical methods and visualization.
SOHO, the solar physics flagship mission, being operational over a solar cycle, and the upcoming Solar Orbiter form strong elements in the ESA space science programme. The paper gives a brief overview of ESA and its s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9290928166
SOHO, the solar physics flagship mission, being operational over a solar cycle, and the upcoming Solar Orbiter form strong elements in the ESA space science programme. The paper gives a brief overview of ESA and its space science programme, summarises the scope and staffing of ESA's Research and Scientific Support Department (RSSD), and describes career and training opportunities for young researchers within ESA.
Previous radiation effects studies of 177 degree C cured epoxy composites have shown only small changes in mechanical properties indicating that this class of materials may be suitable for long-term space applications...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0841208824
Previous radiation effects studies of 177 degree C cured epoxy composites have shown only small changes in mechanical properties indicating that this class of materials may be suitable for long-term space applications. However, in several recent investigations radiation-induced chemistry changes were shown to affect other characteristics, such as outgassing and dimensional stability, that could limit the uselife of these materials in space. In this study, the extent of this electron radiation interaction with a 177 degree C cured epoxy-matrix composite was characterized and the mechanisms of interaction and their relationship with use properties were determined.
Climate change leads to more frequent and intense climatic extremes in recent years, such as rainstorm and sea level rise. The increased flood risk will do damage to rail transit systems, threatening system reliabilit...
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