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Prediction of the first 2^(+) states properties for atomic nuclei using light gradient boosting machine

nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第2期36卷 95-102页

作者： Hui Liu Xin-Xiang Li Yun Yuan Wen Luo Yi Xu School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP) Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering(IFIN-HH)Strada Reactorului 30Buchurest-Magurele077125 IlfovRomania

The first 2^(+)excited states of the nucleus directly reflect the interaction between the shell structure and the nucleus,providing insights into the validity of the shell model and nuclear structure *** the features of the first 2^(+)excited states can be measured for stable nuclei and calculated using nuclear models,significant uncertainty *** study employs a machine learning model based on a light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM)to investigate the first 2^(+)excited ***,the training of the LightGBM algorithm and the prediction of the first 2^(+)properties of 642 nuclei are ***,detailed comparisons of the LightGBM predictions were performed with available experimental data,shell model calculations,and Bayesian neural network *** results revealed that the average difference between the LightGBM predictions and the experimental data was 18 times smaller than that obtained by the shell model and only 70%of the BNN prediction *** Mg,Ca,Kr,Sm,and Pb isotopes as examples,it was also observed that LightGBM can effectively reproduce the magic number mutation caused by shell effects,with the energy being as low as 0.04 MeV due to shape ***,we believe that leveraging LightGBM-based machine learning can profoundly enhance our insights into nuclear structures and provide new avenues for nuclear physics research.

关键词： First 2^(+) state nuclear levels Light gradient boosting machine

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Latest results from precision measurements at the NA62 experiment 31

Latest results from precision measurements at the NA62 exper...

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31st International Workshop on deep Inelastic Scattering, dIS 2024

作者： Boboc, Petre-Constantin Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului Str. Măgurele Romania

Then NA62 experiment at CErN collected the world's largest dataset of charged Kaons, the main goal being the measurement of the B(K+ → π+ν(Equation presented)). New results from the analyses of rare kaon and pion decays using data samples collected in 2017-2018 are presented. A sample of π0 → e+e- decays was collected and preliminary results of the branching ratio are reported. Also, a sample of K+ → π+γγ decays was collected and measurement of the branching ratio, study of the di-photon mass spectrum, and the first search for production and prompt decay of an axion-like particle with gluon coupling in the process K+ → π+A, A → γγ are reported. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Noderivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-Nd 4.0).

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Multiple shape coexistence in Zr98 and first-forbidden β decay of Y98

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Physical review C 2025年第1期111卷 014307-014307页

作者： A. Petrovici O. Andrei Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering R-077125 Bucharest Romania

The multifaceted impact of shape coexistence on the first-forbidden β− decay of the 0− ground state of Y98 and the structure and dynamics of the populated low-spin states in Zr98 have been investigated within the complex excited Vampir variational model using an effective interaction derived from a G matrix based on the charge-dependent Bonn Cd potential and a large model space. The effects of shape coexistence and mixing revealed by the properties of the investigated β decay of Y98 and the coexistence phenomena at low angular momentum in Zr98 are discussed and comparison to the available data is presented.

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Virtual Frequency-resolved Optical Gating diagnostics for Visualizing dispersion dynamics in Ultrashort Laser Pulses

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Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 2025年第5期67卷

作者： Imran, Tayyab Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele Romania

This study systematically investigates the characterization and analysis of ultrashort laser pulses by simulating the virtual frequency-resolved optical gating (FrOG) setup. Using LabII tools within the LabVIEW environment, virtual experiments were performed to generate ideal ultrashort pulses, introduce controlled phase distortions using Taylor's equation, and evaluate their temporal and spectral properties. The simulation framework serves as an efficient, interactive, and accurate platform for analyzing the effects of dispersion, including group delay dispersion (Gdd), third-order dispersion (TOd), and fourth-order dispersion (FOd), on pulse dynamics. The FrOG simulations illustrate how these dispersion parameters alter pulse symmetry, broaden durations, and induce chirp. Various FrOG configurations, such as SHG-FrOG, Sd-FrOG, PG-FrOG, and THG-FrOG, explored chirp evolution and its relationship with tilt, skewness, and fragmentation in FrOG traces. Chirp evolution was calculated, and pulse duration results from the virtual FrOG setup were validated by comparison with commercial FrOG pulse-retrieval software. The findings confirm that higher-order dispersion introduces increasingly complex distortions, affecting the spatiotemporal coherence of the pulses. The study underscores the robustness of virtual FrOG diagnostics, presenting them as a reliable alternative to physical experimentation for understanding and optimizing laser pulse dynamics. Our simulation results emphasize the importance of virtual diagnostics in accurately quantifying dispersion-induced distortions, enhancing the design and performance of laser systems. © 2025 The Author(s). Microwave and Optical Technology Letters published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Group delay

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The Elemental Content of Seawater and Algae Collected from the red Sea, the Arabian Gulf, and the Gulf of Oman: Preliminary Study

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physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 2025年第2期22.0卷 358-362页

作者： Nassar, N. Sherif, M.M. Yushin, N.S. Zinicovscaia, I.I. Department of Physics Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russian Federation Horia Hulubei National Institute for R & D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele Romania

Abstract: The content of Na, Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba, and Pb in 24 samples of algae and 9 samples of water collected from 5 stations in the red Sea, 2 stations in the Gulf of Oman, and 2 stations in the Arabian Gulf were determined using ICP-OES. For all water samples, it was found that the concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, and Pb were below the detection limits. Meanwhile, the predominant elements found in all water samples were Na, Mg, and Ca. Except for Ba, which attains its peak concentration at the Kalba station in the Gulf of Oman, the highest levels of all examined elements were detected in water samples from the red Sea. On the contrary, the highest content of most of the elements were determined in algae samples collected from the Gulf of Oman: Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in Callithamnion corymbosum sp. collected from diba Fujairah station, while Cr and Mn in Corallinalis sp. collected from Kalba station. Notably, the highest content of Pb was found in Sargassum sp. collected from Zaafrana station (the red Sea) with a value of 19.4 mg/kg, which is 18 times higher than the average Pb content in all collected samples, revealing a possible Pb contamination in this area. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025.

关键词： algae Arabian Gulf elemental analysis Gulf of Oman ICP-OES red Sea seawater

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radionuclide content in soil from agricultural lands in the russian Federation

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2025年 1-7页

作者： Jakhu, rajan Ignatov, Alexander Chaligava, Omari Grozdov, dmitrii Zinicovscaia, Inga Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia Agrarian and Technological Institute RUDN University Moscow Russia Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems Georgian Technical University Tbilisi Georgia Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering Magurele Romania

The present investigation reports the content of radionuclides (226ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, and 235U) in soil samples from active farming lands in russia. The samples included both control and fertilizer-infused soils. The fertilizers used in the investigation were a combination of two or three of the followings: KCl, K2SO4, KNO3, superphosphate, and ammonium nitrate. HPGe gamma spectrometry was used to measure the content of radionuclides in the soils. Overall, the average content (in Bq/kg) of 40K, 226ra, 232Th, 137Cs, and 235U in the soil samples was 379, 20.13, 24.65, 2.92, and 1.27, respectively. The highest content of radionuclides was observed in the soil treated with fertilizer of the following composition: K2SO4 + superphosphate + ammonium-nitrate and the lowest was in case of KNO3 + superphosphate + ammonium-nitrate. The content of radionuclides determined in the present study was comparatively lower than in the similar studies from other parts of the world. In addition, the risk assessment indices rules out the possibility of any hazardous situation as these values were lower than the reference limits.

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The neutron activation analysis in studying the elemental ratios in marine mussels for assessment of the ecological characteristics

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2025年 1-10页

作者： Nekhoroshkov, P. Bezuidenhout, J. le roux, r. Zinicovscaia, I. Yushin, N. Frontasyeva, M. Division of Nuclear Physics Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics FLNP Sector NAA & Applied Research Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia School for Science and Technology Faculty of Military Science Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Magurele Romania

The content of 24 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, V, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, rb, Sr, Sb, I, Cs, Th, and U) was determined using neutron activation analysis in shells and soft tissues of mussels, collected from Namibia to Mozambique in the period 2013–2019. To assess the influence of low saline waters, special lithogenic structure of the coast and local wastewater discharges the mussel sets from the Black Sea and Saldanha Bay water areas were considerate as well. The As/Sc ratios in soft tissues could be used for indication of anthropogenic runoff regarding the terrigenous compounds. The ratios of elements in shell per soft tissue could be useful for demonstration of long-period accumulation in comparison with the short period. The Mg/Ca ratio in shells of mussels from the West coast was significantly higher in comparison with the samples from East coast indicated local hydrophysical features. Cl/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in shells can indicate the salinity levels in surrounding waters. Na/Ca revealed higher levels of Na due to intensification of the river runoff on East coast. This agreed with the non-volatile Sc/Ca levels. The comparison of elemental levels in shells with respect to soft tissue (S/ST ratios) was discussed as useful indicator of temporary deposition rates of elements intake from soft tissue to shells. In general, such elements as Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Cs, and U revealed low S/ST levels, with the several exceptions, while Ca, V, Br, Sr, I, and Th showed high incorporation ratios (S/ST > 1) in several temporal cases, indicated the typical high levels of these elements in surrounding waters during the long period of accumulation. The wide range of S/ST ratio of I in mussels from the close bays indicated the seasonal fluctuations due to changes in hydrological structure and terrigenous runoff.

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Uptake of gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles by Calendula officinalis L. and their effect on the plant biochemical parameters

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2025年 1-12页

作者： Peshkova, Alexandra Zinicovscaia, Inga Cepoi, Liliana rudi, Ludmila Chiriac, Tatiana Yushin, Nikita Ganea, Larisa Corcimaru, Serghei Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia Doctoral School Biological Geonomic Chemical and Technological Science State University of Moldova Chisinau Moldova Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering Măgurele Romania Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology Technical University of Moldova Chisinau Moldova

The impacts of copper, gold, and silver nanoparticles on calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) and soil microbial activity were studied. The nanoparticles were introduced into soil in concentrations of 1–100 mg/L by root irrigation. Their size and shape were determined by transmission electron microscopy, while the uptake by the plant was determined by proton-induced gamma emission (PIGE) for silver and gold, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for copper. The accumulation of the gold nanoparticles in the aerial parts of calendula was 1–33 mg/kg. It was comparable to the parallel cases with the copper nanoparticles and significantly exceeded the corresponding data for the silver nanoparticles, which in the maximal cases were 3.59 ± 0.10 mg/kg in leaves and 3.96 ± 0.12 mg/kg in flowers. All nanoparticles provoked changes in the antioxidant activity in the aerial parts of the plant and significantly suppressed the soil microbiological activity. The silver nanoparticles had the greatest negative effect on the plant pigment content and on the soil respiration rate. The obtained results present interest for plant nanotoxicology.

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Emission processes in a self–consistent field

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： dumitrescu, A. delion, d.S. Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering No. 30 Reactorului Street Magurele Ilfov077125 Romania Academy of Romanian Scientists No. 3 Ilfov Street Sector 5 Bucharest050044 Romania

We present a microscopic description of cluster emission processes within the Cluster–Hartree–Fock (CHF) self–consistent field (SCF) theory. The starting point is a Woods–Saxon (WS) mean field (MF) with spin–orbit and Coulomb terms. Pairing is treated through standard Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) quasiparticles. The residual two–body interaction is given by a density–dependent Wigner force having a gaussian shape with a center of mass (com) correction located in a region of low nuclear density slightly beyond the geometrical contact radius of a system comprised from a nucleus and a surface cluster. We show that such a description adequately reproduces the ground state (gs) shape of a spherical nucleus while the surface correction enhances the radial tail of single particle orbitals, thus allowing for an adequate description of the α-decay width for unstable systems. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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nuclear physics under the low-energy, high intensity frontier

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, C.-J. Horny, V. doria, d. Spohr, K. Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului Street Magurele077125 Romania School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences University of the West of Scotland High Street PaisleyPA1 2BE United Kingdom

despite numerous achievements and recent progress, nuclear physics is often (wrongly) considered an old field of research nowadays. However, developments in theoretical frameworks and reliable experimental techniques have made the field mature enough to explore many new frontiers. In this regard, extending existing knowledge to an emerging field of physics—where particles interact with a relatively low-energy but high intensity field (intense enough so that multi-particle processes become comparable or more important than one-to-one processes)—can lead to exciting discoveries. Investigations can be realized under a highly time-compressed beam source (e.g., particle sources generated by laser-matter interaction using high-power laser systems). Here we focus on a new scheme, where high-power laser systems are exploited as a driver to generate energetic (γ-ray) photons. Together with additional low-energy photons provided by a second, less intense laser, a multi-photon absorption scheme enables a very attainable manipulation of nuclear transitions including isomer pumping and depletion. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

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