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7th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1980

作者： Feibush, Eliot A. Levoy, Marc Cook, Robert L. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897910214

Aliasing artifacts are eliminated from computer generated images of textured polygons by equivalently filtering both the texture and the edges of the polygons. Different filters can be easily compared because the weighting functions that define the shape of the filters are pre-computed and stored in lookup tables. A polygon subdivision algorithm removes the hidden surfaces so that the polygons are rendered sequentially to minimize accessing the texture definition files. An implementation of the texture rendering procedure is described. � ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anti-aliasing

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CREATING FUTURE GEOGRAPHIES

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ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS 1980年第4期70卷 449-458页

作者： BERRY, BJL Dr. Berry is the Williams Professor of City and Regional Planning Director of the Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis Chairman of the Ph.D. Program in Urban Planning Professor in the Department of Sociology and a Fellow of the Institute for International Development at Harvard University in Cambridge MA 02138.

Pluralism in contemporary geography has gone beyond the creative liberty of variety and degenerated into license that threatens the future of the profession. A frame work for reintegration of our diverse pursuits is proposed to enable us to create future geographies consistent with our enduring values. environments that expand freedom and choice and opportunity, and organized fantasies containing new delights for the scholarly practitioners and the practical scholars who will succeed us as the geographers of the future.

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INNOVATIONS IN computer-AIDED-DESIGN OF MARINE TURBINES USING INTERACTIVE graphics

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 207-217页

作者： GINGRICH, JK WINTER, RL Mr. John K. Gingrich joined the General Electric Company after his graduation from Lafayette College in 1948. His early assignments were with the General Engineering Laboratory and the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory in Schenectady. N. Y. He joined the Marine Turbine and Gear Department in 1968 as Manager Engineering Administration. and assumed his present assignment as Manager Engineering Resource Planning & Administration in 1976. Mr. Gingrich was instrumental in procuring the Interactive Graphics System for the Medium Steam Department. having headed up the Study Team and is now responsible for the Interactive Graphics Systems management including new procurements. He is a member of the American Institute of Design Drafting and is currently the Chairman of the Computer-Aided Drafting Committee in that organization. Mr. Reinhold L. Winter is a graduate of the General Electric Apprentice Program and Salem State College from which he received his B.S. degree in Business Administration. He has nineteen years experience with the General Electric Company including eight years in Business Systems and Programming two years in Computer Operations Management and six years in his present position as Manager Engineering Business Systems. He was a member of the original Study Team that investigated and selected the present Applicon Interactive Graphics (IAG) equipment and currently is responsible for the management of software and hardware support for the ZAG Facility.

This paper discusses the Interactive graphics System used by the General Electric Company, Medium Steam Turbine Department (Engineering & Manufacturing) for designing, drafting, and manufacturing applications. A brief overview of the hardware malting up the system is described, followed by a more detailed description of the actual applications. Two-dimensional applications described include a Heat Balance Analysis, Flow Diagrams, and Electrical Schematics. A more fruitful area for increased productivity gains is described in the three-dimensional or mechanical applications including turbine design & layout and bucket design. coordination of the design with manufacturing for numerical control tape generation is described through CAM and Plate Frame Cutting applications. Finally, a short review of the engineering design work using Interactive graphics is discussed. Productivity gains of 2.6 to 1 are being realized, and the overall savings to the Medium Steam Department are outlined.

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Parallel processing techniques for hidden surface removal 79

Parallel processing techniques for hidden surface removal

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6th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1979

作者： Kaplan, Michael Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897910044

Previous work in the hidden-surface problem has revealed two key concepts. First, the removal of nonvisible surfaces is essentially a sorting problem. Second, some form of coherence is essential for the efficient solution of this problem. In order to provide real-time simulations, it is not only the amount of sorting which must be reduced, but the total time required for computation. One potentially economic strategy to attain this goal is the use of parallel processor systems. This approach implies that the computational time will no longer be dependent on the total amount of sorting, but more on the appropriate division of responsibility. This paper investigates two existing algorithmic approaches to the hidden-surface problem with a view towards their applicability to implementation on a parallel machine organization. In particular, the statistical results of a parallel processor implementation indicate the difficulties stemming from a loss of coherence and imply potentially important design criteria for a parallel configuration. © 1979 ACM.

关键词： Parallel processing systems

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computer simulation of foliage shading in building energy loads 16

Computer simulation of foliage shading in building energy lo...

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16th Design Automation Conference, DAC 1979

作者： Schiler, Marc Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States

The calculation of building thermal loads using the computer has been an accepted practice for several years. A substantial amount of research and theoretical investigation has been expended in attempts to accurately quantify a building's thermal behavior. A number of existing simulation packages acceptably model this behavior. 1,2,3,4,5,*** advantages of simulation are obvious, not only for the predictive information with respect to operating costs or fuel consumption, but as a potential aid for preliminary design. The influence and tradeoffs of a large number of design variables such as siting, orientation, window area, thermal resistivity, surface/volume ratios, and cost can all be examined at an early stage in the design process. © 1979 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Operating costs

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computer Simulation of Foliage Shading in Building Energy Loads 79

Computer Simulation of Foliage Shading in Building Energy Lo...

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Design Automation Conference

作者： M. Schiler D.P. Greenberg Program of computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

The calculation of building thermal loads using the computer has been an accepted practice for several years. A substantial amount of research and theoretical investigation has been expended in attempts to accurately quantify a building's thermal behavior. A number of existing simulation packages acceptably model this behavior.1,2,3,4,5,6The advantages of simulation are obvious, not only for the predictive information with respect to operating costs or fuel consumption, but as a potential aid for preliminary design. The influence and tradeoffs of a large number of design variables such as siting, orientation, window area, thermal resistivity, surface/volume ratios, and cost can all be examined at an early stage in the design process.

关键词： computer simulation computer graphics Information analysis Computational modeling Packaging Costs Analytical models Tree graphs Thermal loading Predictive models

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Transparency for computer synthesized images 79

Transparency for computer synthesized images

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6th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1979

作者： Kay, Douglas Scott Greenberg, Donald Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University United States Sundance Productions Inc. Acme Cartoon Co. Inc. 7141 Envoy Ct. DallasTX75247 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897910044

Simple transparency algorithms which assume a linear transparency over an entire surface are the type most often employed to produce computer synthesized images of transparent objects with curved surfaces. Although most of the images created with these algorithms do give the impression of transparency, they usually do not look realistic. One of the most serious problems is that the intensity of the light that is transmitted through the objects is generally not proportional to the amount of material through which it must pass. Another problem is that the image seen behind the objects is not distorted as would naturally occur when the light is refracted as it passes through a material of different density. Use of a non-linear transparency algorithm can provide a great improvement in the realism of an image at a small additional cost. Making the transparency proportional to the normal to the surface causes it to decrease towards the edges of the surface where the path of the light through the object is longer. The exact simulation of refraction, however, requires that each sight ray be individually traced from the observer, through the picture plane and through each transparent object until an opaque surface is intersected. Since the direction of the ray would change as each material of differing optical density was entered, the hidden surface calculations required would be very time consuming. However, if a few assumptions are made about the geometry of each object and about the conditions under which they are viewed, a much simplier algorithm can be used to approximate the refractive effect. This method proceeds in a back to front order, mapping the current background image onto the next surface, until all surfaces have been considered. © 1979 ACM.

关键词： Transparency

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Color spaces for computer graphics 78

Color spaces for computer graphics

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5th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1978

作者： Joblove, George H. Greenberg, Donald Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450379083

Normal human color perception is a product of three independent sensory systems. By mirroring this mechanism, full-color display devices create colors as mixtures of three primaries. Any displayable color can be described by the corresponding values of these primaries. Frequently it is more convenient to define various other color spaces, or coordinate systems, for color representation or manipulation. Several such color spaces are presented which are suitable for applications involving user specification of color, along with the defining equations and illustrations. The use of special color spaces for particular kinds of color computations is discussed. © 1978 Association for Computing Machinery. All rights reserved.

关键词： Color

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Polygon shadow generation 78

Polygon shadow generation

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5th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1978

作者： Atherton, Peter Weiler, Kevin Greenberg, Donald Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450379083

A general purpose method for generating shadows using a polygonal coordinate data base is presented. The method is based on an object space polygon clipping hidden surface removal algorithm. Output from the program is in the same three-dimensional polygon format as the input. Thus, a shadowed data environment may be easily created and viewed from any observer position with no additional depth sorting time required for the hidden surface removal process. Shadows can also be cast by more than one light source. Since the shadows are generated in object space, the results can be used for both visual display and numerical analysis. © 1978 Association for Computing Machinery. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light sources

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computer generated images for medical applications 78

Computer generated images for medical applications

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5th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1978

作者： Sunguroff, Alexander Greenberg, Donald Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450379083

Two computer graphics systems for the presentation of biomedical information for diagnosis and treatment planning are described. Both systems presented utilize computer tomographic(CT) data as input. One of the systems produces three-dimensional surface representations of organs and anatomical features found within the body. The other system is a radiation treatment planning aid which uses tomographic data in its computations. © 1978 Association for Computing Machinery. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical applications

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