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A user interface for interactive cinematic shadow design 02

A user interface for interactive cinematic shadow design

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ACM Transactions on graphics;Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2002

作者： Pellacini, Fabio Tole, Parag Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135213

Placing shadows is difficult task since shadows depend on the relative positions of lights and objects in an unintuitive manner. To simplify the task of the modeler, we present a user interface for designing shadows in 3d environments. In our interface, shadows are treated as first-class modeling primitives just like objects and lights. To transform a shadow, the user can simply move, rescale or rotate the shadow as if it was a 2d object on the scene's surfaces. When the user transforms a shadow, the system moves lights or objects in the scene as required and updates the shadows in realtime during mouse movement. To facilitate interaction, the user can also specify constraints that the shadows must obey, such as never casting a shadow on the face of a character. These constraints are then verified in real-time, limiting mouse movement when necessary. We also integrate in our interface fake shadows typically used in computer animation. This allows the user to draw shadowed and non-shadowed regions directly on surfaces in the scene.

关键词： Interactive computer graphics

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Interactive global illumination in dynamic scenes 02

Interactive global illumination in dynamic scenes

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ACM Transactions on graphics;Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2002

作者： Tole, Parag Pellacini, Fabio Walter, Bruce Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135213

In this paper, we present a system for interactive computation of global illumination in dynamic scenes. Our system uses a novel scheme for caching the results of a high quality pixel-based renderer such as a bidirectional path tracer. The Shading Cache is an object-space hierarchical subdivision mesh with lazily computed shading values at its vertices. A high frame rate display is generated from the Shading Cache using hardware-based interpolation and texture mapping. An image space sampling scheme refines the Shading Cache in regions that have the most interpolation error or those that are most likely to be affected by object or camera motion. Our system handles dynamic scenes and moving light sources efficiently, providing useful feedback within a few seconds and high quality images within a few tens of seconds, without the need for any pre-computation. Our approach allows us to significantly outperform other interactive systems based on caching ray-tracing samples, especially in dynamic scenes. Based on our results, we believe that the Shading Cache will be an invaluable tool in lighting design and modelling while rendering.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Jigsaw image mosaics 02

Jigsaw image mosaics

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ACM Transactions on graphics;Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2002

作者： Kim, Junhwan Pellacini, Fabio Dept. of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135213

This paper introduces a new kind of mosaic, called Jigsaw Image Mosaic (JIM), where image tiles of arbitrary shape are used to compose the final picture. The generation of a Jigsaw Image Mosaic is a solution to the following problem: given an arbitrarily-shaped container image and a set of arbitrarily-shaped image tiles, fill the container as compactly as possible with tiles of similar color to the container taken from the input set while optionally deforming them slightly to achieve a more visually-pleasing effect. We approach the problem by defining a mosaic as the tile configuration that minimizes a mosaicing energy function. We introduce a general energy-based framework for mosaicing problems that extends some of the existing algorithms such as Photomosaics and Simulated Decorative Mosaics. We also present a fast algorithm to solve the mosaicing problem at an acceptable computational cost. We demonstrate the use of our method by applying it to a wide range of container images and tiles.

关键词： Color computer graphics

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Using perceptual texture masking for efficient image synthesis

Using perceptual texture masking for efficient image synthes...

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23rd Annual Conference (EUROgraphics 2002)

作者： Walter, Bruce Pattanaik, Sumanta N. Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics 580 Rhodes Hall Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States University of Central Florida SEECS Department of Computer Science Orlando FL 32816-2362 United States

Texture mapping has become indispensable in image synthesis as an inexpensive source of rich visual detail. Less obvious, but just as useful, is its ability to mask image errors due to inaccuracies in geometry or lighting. This ability can be used to substantially accelerate rendering by eliminating computations when the resulting errors will be perceptually insignificant. Our new method precomputes the masking ability of textures using aspects of the JPEG image compression standard. This extra information is stored as threshold elevation factors in the texture's mip-map and interpolated at image generation time as part of the normal texture lookup process. Any algorithm which uses error tolerances or visibility thresholds can then take advantage of texture masking. Applications to adaptive shadow testing, irradiance caching, and path tracing are demonstrated. Unlike prior methods, our approach does not require that initial images be computed before masking can be exploited and incurs only negligible runtime computational overhead. Thus, it is much easier to integrate with existing rendering systems for both static and dynamic scenes and yields computational savings even when only small amounts of texture masking are present.

关键词： Image compression

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Intuitive virtual grasping for non haptic environments

Intuitive virtual grasping for non haptic environments

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Pacific Conference on computer graphics and Applications

作者： T. Ullmann J. Sauer Department of Computer Science and Automation Computer Graphics Program Technical University Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany Commercial Vehicle Development DaimlerChrysler Aerospace Sindelfingen Germany Virtual Reality Competence Center Daimler Chrysler Research and Technology Center Ulm Germany

This paper presents an approach for grasping virtual objects in virtual environments with a data glove. Our focus lies on developing new methods that allow sensible realistic grasping gestures which correspond to human grasping behavior. To meet the demands of industrial applications, users must be able to grasp an object in an intuitive way with one or two hands and, beyond that, manipulate grasped objects between their fingers. To avoid the use of expensive force or touch feedback hardware, but also to ensure a safe grip on virtual objects, several forms of visual feedback are provided. First, we describe the basic algorithm for grasping with one or two hands and finally, we present a method to precisely manipulate the grasped objects between the virtual fingers.

关键词： Grasping Haptic interfaces Data gloves Virtual reality Virtual environment Fingers Force feedback Hardware Application software Engines

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Direct illumination with lazy visibility evaluation 99

Direct illumination with lazy visibility evaluation

引用

26th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1999

作者： Hart, David Dutré, Philip Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall IthacaNY14850 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0201485605

In this paper we present a technique for computing the direct lighting in a three-dimensional scene containing area light sources. Our method correctly handles partial visibility between luminaires and receivers, and is able to efficiently generate accurate soft shadows in scenes modeled with general bidirectional reflectance distribution functions. In most current algorithms, the form factor between a light source and receiver is computed using a stochastic ray casting approach which evaluates partial visibility. Such an approach often leads to noisy artifacts or aliasing problems. Generating significantly more rays is often the only solution to improving image quality. Our approach first stores visibility information in the image plane, using lazy evaluation of the visibility function. In a second phase, illumination values for each pixel are generated, using analytic or stochastic integration. Soft shadows and other shading effects are generated with high accuracy in less time than with existing shading algorithms. Coherence in specific blocker light source relationships across the image plane is exploited to amortize the cost of analytic form factor calculations. By storing information in the image plane, our method is currently designed for generating a single image, and is thus view-dependent. Copyright ACM 1999.

关键词： Distribution functions

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A perceptually based physical error metric for realistic image synthesis 99

A perceptually based physical error metric for realistic ima...

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26th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1999

作者： Ramasubramanian, Mahesh Pattanaik, Sumanta N. Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall IthacaNY14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0201485605

We introduce a new concept for accelerating realistic image synthesis algorithms. At the core of this procedure is a novel physical error metric that correctly predicts the perceptual threshold for detecting artifacts in scene features. Built into this metric is a computational model of the human visual system's loss of sensitivity at high background illumination levels, high spatial frequencies, and high contrast levels (visual masking). An important feature of our model is that it handles the luminance-dependent processing and spatially dependent processing independently. This allows us to precompute the expensive spatially-dependent component, making our model extremely efficient. We illustrate the utility of our procedure with global illumination algorithms used for realistic image synthesis. The expense of global illumination computations is many orders of magnitude higher than the expense of direct illumination computations and can greatly benefit by applying our perceptually based technique. Results show our method preserves visual quality while achieving significant computational gains in areas of images with high frequency texture patterns, geometric details, and lighting variations. Copyright ACM 1999.

关键词： Errors

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A multiscale model of adaptation and spatial vision for realistic image display 98

A multiscale model of adaptation and spatial vision for real...

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25th Annual Conference on computer graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH 1998

作者： Pattanaik, Sumanta N. Ferwerda, James A. Fairchild, Mark D. Greenberg, Donald P. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University 580 Rhodes Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897919998

In this paper we develop a computational model of adaptation and spatial vision for realistic tone reproduction. The model is based on a multiscale representation of pattern, luminance, and color processing in the human visual system. We incorporate the model into a tone reproduction operator that maps the vast ranges of radiances found in real and synthetic scenes into the small fixed ranges available on conventional display devices such as CRT's and printers. The model allows the operator to address the two major problems in realistic tone reproduction: wide absolute range and high dynamic range scenes can be displayed;and the displayed images match our perceptions of the scenes at both threshold and suprathresh-old levels to the degree possible given a particular display device. Although in this paper we apply our visual model to the tone reproduction problem, the model is general and can be usefully applied to image quality metrics, image compression methods, and perceptually-based image synthesis algorithms.

关键词： Display devices

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Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct volume rendering

Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct v...

引用

1998 IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization, VVS 1998

作者： Kindlmann, Gordon Durkin, James W. Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Computer Science University of Utah Salt Late CityUT84102 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581131054

Although direct volume rendering is a powerful tool for \isualizing complex structures within volume data, the size and complexity of the parameter space controlling the rendering process makes generating an informative rendering challenging. In particular, the specification of the transfer function - the mapping from data values to renderable optical properties-is frequently a time-consuming and unintuitive task. Ideally, the data being visualized should itself suggest an appropriate transfer function that brings out the features of interest without obscuring them with elements of little importance. We demonstrate that this is possible for a large class of scalar volume data, namely that where the regions of interest are the boundaries between different materials. A transfer function which makes boundaries readily visible can be generated from the relationship between three quantities: the data value and its first and second directional derivatives along the gradient direction. A data structure we term the histogram volume captures the relationship between these quantities throughout the volume in a position independent, computationally efficient fashion. We describe the theoretical importance of the quantities measured by the histogram volume, the implementation issues in its calculation, and a method for semiautomatic transfer function generation through its analysis. We conclude with results of the method on both idealized synthetic data as well as real world dataseis. Copyright 1998 IEEE.

关键词： Transfer functions

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Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct volume rendering

Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct v...

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IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization and graphics

作者： G. Kindlmann J.W. Durkin Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Salt Lake UT USA Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

Although direct volume rendering is a powerful tool for visualizing complex structures within volume data, the size and complexity of the parameter space controlling the rendering process makes generating an informative rendering challenging. In particular, the specification of the transfer function-the mapping from data values to renderable optical properties-is frequently a time consuming and unintuitive task. Ideally, the data being visualized should itself suggest an appropriate transfer function that brings out the features of interest without obscuring them with elements of little importance. We demonstrate that this is possible for a large class of scalar volume data, namely that where the regions of interest are the boundaries between different materials. A transfer function which makes boundaries readily visible can be generated from the relationship between three quantities: the data value and its first and second directional derivatives along the gradient direction. A data structure we term the histogram volume captures the relationship between these quantities throughout the volume in a position independent, computationally efficient fashion. We describe the theoretical importance of the quantities measured by the histogram volume, the implementation issues in its calculation, and a method for semiautomatic transfer function generation through its analysis. We conclude with results of the method on both idealized synthetic data as well as real world datasets.

关键词： Transfer functions Data visualization Histograms Size control Process control Power generation Data structures Volume measurement

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