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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Balloccu, Simone Reiter, Ehud Li, Karen Jia-Hui Sargsyan, Rafael Kumar, Vivek Recupero, Diego Reforgiato Riboni, Daniele Dusek, Ondrej Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Prague Czech Republic Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen United Kingdom FI CODE University of Bundeswehr Munich Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Cagliari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being employed by end-users for various tasks, including sensitive ones such as health counseling, disregarding potential safety concerns. It is thus necessary to understand how adequately LLMs perform in such domains. We conduct a case study on ChatGPT in nutrition counseling, a popular use-case where the model supports a user with their dietary struggles. We crowdsource real-world diet-related struggles, then work with nutrition experts to generate supportive text using ChatGPT. Finally, experts evaluate the safety and text quality of ChatGPT's output. The result is the HAI-Coaching dataset, containing ∼2.4K crowdsourced dietary struggles and ∼97K corresponding ChatGPT-generated and expert-annotated supportive texts. We analyse ChatGPT's performance, discovering potentially harmful behaviours, especially for sensitive topics like mental health. Finally, we use HAI-Coaching to test open LLMs on various downstream tasks, showing that even the latest models struggle to achieve good performance. HAI-Coaching is available at https://***/uccollab/hai-coaching/. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Pixels to Prose: Understanding the art of Image Captioning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Singh, Hrishikesh Sharma, Aarti Pant, Millie Department of Applied Mathematics & Scientific Computing Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee India

In the era of evolving artificial intelligence, machines are increasingly emulating human-like capabilities, including visual perception and linguistic expression. Image captioning stands at the intersection of these domains, enabling machines to interpret visual content and generate descriptive text. This paper provides a thorough review of image captioning techniques, catering to individuals entering the field of machine learning who seek a comprehensive understanding of available options, from foundational methods to state-of-the-art approaches. Beginning with an exploration of primitive architectures, the review traces the evolution of image captioning models to the latest cutting-edge solutions. By dissecting the components of these architectures, readers gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and can select suitable approaches tailored to specific problem requirements without duplicating efforts. The paper also delves into the application of image captioning in the medical domain, illuminating its significance in various real-world scenarios. Furthermore, the review offers guidance on evaluating the performance of image captioning systems, highlighting key metrics for assessment. By synthesizing theoretical concepts with practical application, this paper equips readers with the knowledge needed to navigate the complex landscape of image captioning and harness its potential for diverse applications in machine learning and beyond. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Explicating the Exact γCD Value for the Tensor Product of Graphs 9th

Explicating the Exact γCD Value for the Tensor Product of G...

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9th International Conference on Discrete mathematics and Mathematical Modeling in Digital Era, ICDMMMDE 2023

作者： Praveenkumar, L. Mahadevan, G. Sivagnanam, C. Tyagi, Sanjay K. Department of Mathematics The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University Tamilnadu Gandhigram India Mathematics and Computing Skills Unit University of Technology and Applied Sciences – Sur Sur Oman Department of General Studies Higher College of Technology Fujairah4114 United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9789819726394

Let γCD(H) denote the corona domination number (CD-number) of the graph H. The idea of CD-number was first coined by G. Mahadevan et al. in 2021. The CD-number of a graph is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set S with the condition that every vertex in the graph induced by S is either a pendent vertex or support vertices. In this paper, we carry over the study of CD-number to identify the exact value of γCD(Pr⊗Ps), γCD(Cr⊗Cs), γCD(Prc⊗Ps), etc. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Corona domination number Domination number Pendant vertex Support vertex Tensor product

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Skills Extraction from Entities in Arabic CVs 5

Skills Extraction from Entities in Arabic CVs

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5th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Machine Intelligence, CogMI 2023

作者： Sadiq, Mohamed Abdul Karim Shanmugam, Thirumurugan Al-Fannah, Nasser Mohammed Kausar, Firdous College of Computing and Information Science University of Technology and Applied Sciences Suhar Oman Fisk University Department of Mathematics and Computer Science NashvilleTN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323832

Named Entity Recognition in low resource languages such as Arabic is relatively less accurate. Despite this, many applications attempt query-document matching, which necessitates entity resolution. We explore certain possible solutions in this regard to enhance the matching process. A system is proposed to build a sub graph of terms in the Knowledge Graph. These terms specifically deal with skills in the Arabic documents related to the Human Resources domain. The accuracy measures of skills extraction using two different Language Models viz., SparkNLP and Hatmi are presented. The results are promising and have scope for improvement in entity resolution. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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DG-GMsFEM for Dual Continuum Transport Problem in Perforated Domains

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Lobachevskii Journal of mathematics 2024年第11期45卷 5329-5342页

作者： Alekseev, V.N. Xie, W. Laboratory ‘‘Computing Technologies and Artificial Intelligence’’ North-Eastern Federal University Yakutsk 677980 Russian Federation School of Mathematics and Computational Science Xiangtan University National Center for Applied Mathematics in Hunan Hunan International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base of Computational Science Xiangtan Hunan 677980 China

In this paper, we develop a Discontinuous Galerkin Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method (DG-GMsFEM) for solving dual continuum transport problems in perforated domains. The mathematical model includes the convection-diffusion equations for concentrations, with flow described by the Stokes equations. The model equations are derived by homogenizing small perforations using multicontinuum homogenization techniques. After performing this homogenization, we obtain appropriate parameters for the dual continuum transport model. The resulting system includes larger perforations, which are resolved via multiscale basis functions. For the coarse grid approximation, we introduce a multiscale model reduction technique that constructs local multiscale basis functions to generate a lower-dimensional model. The proposed reduction technique is based on DG-GMsFEM and involves two steps: (1) constructing a snapshot space and (2) solving local spectral problems for dimension reduction in this space. We present numerical results for a two-dimensional problem to demonstrate the method’s performance. Our numerical results show that the proposed method provides good results with a significant reduction of the system size. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2024.

关键词： convection-diffusion equation DG-GMsFEM flow problem IPDG multiscale method perforated domains transport problems

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Atmospheric Convection Model Based Digital Confidentiality Scheme

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4503-4522页

作者： Noor Munir Majid Khan Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi Amer Aljaedi Sajjad Shaukat Jamal Iqtadar Hussain Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia College of Computing and Information Technology University of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Statistics and PhysicsQatar UniversityDoha2713Qatar

Nonlinear dynamics is a fascinating area that is intensely affecting a wide range of different disciplines of science and technology *** combination of different innovative topics of information security and high-speed computing has added new visions into the behavior of complex nonlinear dynamical systems which uncovered amazing results even in the least difficult *** generation of complex actions froma very simple dynamical method has a strong relation with information *** protection of digital content is one of the inescapable concerns of the digitally advanced ***,information plays an important role in everyday life and affects the surroundings *** digital contents consist of text,images,audio,and videos,*** to the vast usage of digital images in the number of social and web applications,its security is one of the biggest *** this work,we have offered an innovative image encryption technique based on present criteria of confusion and *** designed scheme comprises two major nonlinear dynamical *** have employed discrete fractional chaotic iterative maps to add confusion capability in our suggested algorithm and continuous chaotic Lorenz *** have verified our offered scheme by using statistical *** investigations under the statistical tests suggested that our proposed technique is quite reasonable for the security of digital data.

关键词： Lorenz atmospheric convection model fractional logistic map image encryption S-box

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Error Exponent and Strong Converse for Quantum Soft Covering

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2024年第5期70卷 3499-3511页

作者： Cheng, Hao-Chung Gao, Li The Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering The Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences National Taiwan University Center for Quantum Science and Engineering The Department of Electrical Engineering The Department of Mathematics Taipei10617 Taiwan National Center for Theoretical Sciences Physics Division Taipei10617 Taiwan Quantum Computing Center New Taipei City236 Taiwan University of Houston Department of Mathematics HoustonTX77204 United States

How well can we approximate a quantum channel output state using a random codebook with a certain size? In this work, we study the quantum soft covering problem, which uses a pairwise-independent random codebook to approximate the target output state of a quantum channel. We establish a one-shot error exponent bound and a one-shot strong converse bound on the approximation error measured in terms of the expected trace distance between the codebook-induced state and the true channel output state. When using independent and identically-distributed random codebook with a rate above the quantum mutual information I(X:B)ρ , we prove that the error decays exponentially with its error exponent expressed by the sandwiched Rényi information. On the other hand, when the rate of the codebook size is below the quantum mutual information, the error converges to one exponentially fast. Similar results are obtained using a random constant composition codebook, whereas the sandwiched Augustin information gives the error exponent. In addition to the above large deviation analysis, our results also hold in the moderate deviation regime. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal encoding

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INVESTIGATION OF LEADING-EDGE VORTICES ON A TRIPLE-DELTA-WING CONFIGURATION USING SCALE-ADAPTIVE SIMULATION 33

INVESTIGATION OF LEADING-EDGE VORTICES ON A TRIPLE-DELTA-WIN...

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33rd Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS 2022

作者： Di Fabbio, Tony Tangermann, Eike Klein, Markus University of the Bundeswehr Munich Department of Aerospace Engineering Institute of Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing Neubiberg85577 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781713871163

A triple-delta wing configuration in transonic conditions has been investigated numerically with focus to the leading-edge vortices at sideslip flow. Two primary vortices occur in correspondence with the two wing sweep angles which interact with each other in the aft part of the wing. Besides, due to the transonic free-stream speed, several shock waves appear and also interact with the vortices. The side slip angle causes different flow conditions on the two wings, whose effects are connected. The present work focuses on the accuracy and efficiency of predicting aerodynamic coefficients and on analysis of the flow field to improve the understanding of the involved flow physical phenomena. Two different approaches of turbulence treatment have been applied and compared with the experimental data in order to determine the range of suitability of current turbulence models, namely scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) and kω-SST URANS. The SAS provides a promising approach to predict the flow physics over such configuration with a significantly better accuracy. © 2022 ICAS. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Turbulence models

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Relativistic and electron-correlation effects in static dipole polarizabilities for main-group elements

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Physical Review A 2024年第4期110卷 042805页

作者： YingXing Cheng Numerical Mathematics for High Performance Computing Institute of Applied Analysis and Numerical Simulation University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany

In this study, I compute the static dipole polarizability of main-group elements using the finite-field method combined with relativistic coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction simulations. The computational results closely align with the values recommended in the 2018 Table of static dipole polarizabilities of neutral elements [Mol. Phys. 117, 1200 (2019)]. Additionally, I investigate the influence of relativistic effects and electron correlation on atomic dipole polarizabilities. Specifically, three types of relativistic effects impacting dipole polarizabilities are studied: scalar-relativistic, spin-orbit coupling, and fully relativistic Dirac-Coulomb effects. The results indicate that scalar-relativistic effects are predominant for atoms in groups 1 and 2, with minimal influence from spin-orbit coupling effects. Conversely, for elements in groups 13–18, scalar-relativistic effects are less significant, while spin-orbit coupling significantly affects elements starting from the fourth row in groups 13 and 14 and from the fifth row in groups 15–18. In each category of relativistic effects, the impact of electron correlation is evaluated. The results show that electron correlation significantly influences dipole polarizability calculations, particularly for atoms from groups 1, 2, 13, and 14, but is less significant for atoms from groups 15–18. This study provides a comprehensive and consistent data set of dipole polarizabilities and contributes to a systematic understanding of the roles of relativistic and electron-correlation effects in atomic dipole polarizabilities, serving as a valuable reference for future research.

关键词： Electron correlation calculations for atoms & ions Electronic structure of atoms & molecules Relativistic & quantum electrodynamic effects in atoms, molecules,& ions Spin-orbit coupling

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A Review of Lightweight Security and Privacy for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 31-63页

作者： Sunil Kumar Dilip Kumar Ramraj Dangi Gaurav Choudhary Nicola Dragoni Ilsun You Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology JamshedpurJamshedpurIndia School of Computing Science and Engineering VIT University BhopalBhopal466114India Center for Industrial Software The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller InstituteUniversity of Southern DenmarkSonderborgOdenseDenmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of DenmarkLyngby2800Denmark Department of Information Security Cryptologyand MathematicsKookmin UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

The widespread and growing interest in the Internet of Things(IoT)may be attributed to its usefulness in many different *** settings are probed for data,which is then transferred via linked *** are several hurdles to overcome when putting IoT into practice,from managing server infrastructure to coordinating the use of tiny *** it comes to deploying IoT,everyone agrees that security is the biggest *** is due to the fact that a large number of IoT devices exist in the physicalworld and thatmany of themhave constrained resources such as electricity,memory,processing power,and square *** research intends to analyse resource-constrained IoT devices,including RFID tags,sensors,and smart cards,and the issues involved with protecting them in such restricted *** lightweight cryptography,the information sent between these gadgets may be *** order to provide a holistic picture,this research evaluates and contrasts well-known algorithms based on their implementation cost,hardware/software efficiency,and attack resistance *** also emphasised how essential lightweight encryption is for striking a good cost-to-performance-to-security ratio.

关键词： IoT a sensor device lightweight cryptography block cipher smart card security and privacy

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