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An ultra thin,bright,and sensitive interactive tactile display based on organic mechanoluminescence for dual-mode handwriting identification

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InfoMat 2024年第6期6卷 76-87页

作者： Tingting Hou Wenlang Li Haoyu Wang Yuantian Zheng Chaojie Chen Haoran Zhang Kai Chen Huilin Xie Xin Li Shaoshuai He Siwei Zhang Dengfeng Peng Cheng Yang Jacky W.Y.Lam Ben Zhong Tang Yunlong Zi Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kongthe People's Republic of China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced StudyThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kongthe People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenthe People's Republic of China Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhouthe People's Republic of China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Program Office Hong Kong SARthe People's Republic of China Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenthe People's Republic of China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenthe People's Republic of China HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute Shenzhenthe People's Republic of China Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute Guangzhouthe People's Republic of China

Visible light-based human–machine interactive media is capable of transmitting electrical readouts to machines and providing intuitive feedback to users ***,many inorganic mechanoluminescent(ML)materials-based interactive media,typically ZnS-loaded phosphors(ZLPs),have been successfully ***,organic ML materials-based solutions were rarely exploited despite their huge merits of strong structural modification,abundant luminescence property,low cost,easy preparation,and so ***,we propose a novel interactive tactile display(ITD)based on organic ML materials(Cz-A6-dye)and triboelectric nanogenerator,with ultra-brightness(130%enhancement)and ultra-low threshold pressure(57%reduction)as compared to *** proposed ITD achieves the conversion of weak mechanical stimuli into visible light and electrical signals simultaneously,without extra power ***,the relationship between the luminous performance of organic ML materials and mechanical force is quantified,benefiting from the uniform ML layer *** by convolutional neural networks,the high-accuracy recognition(97.1%)for handwriting and identity of users is realized at the same ***,the ITD has great potential for intelligent wearable electronics and classified military applications.

关键词： interactive media organic mechanoluminescence triboelectric nanogenerators

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Effect of Zr-deoxidation on microstructure and mechanical behavior of microalloyed heavy plates with low impurity content

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第2期28卷 190-200页

作者： Cheng-yang Hu Hang-yu Dong Kai-ming Wu R.D.K.Misra Lei Zhong Xing Jin Qiang Li Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research Materials Science and Engineering ProgramDepartment of MetallurgicalMaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl Paso 79968TXUSA The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy International Research Institute for Steel TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Advanced SteelsWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Research Institute of Nanjing Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210035JiangsuChina

The significance of different deoxidation practises on the ductility and impact toughness of next generation of microalloyed heavy plates was elucidated to explore the best deoxidation practice in obtaining required mechanical properties,which was judged by the combined effects of composition,size and number density of inclusions on the ductility of the experimental high-strength low alloy *** impurity contents,i.e.,total O+N+S contents,of 82×10^(-6)(Al-killed)and 118×10^(-6)(Zr-killed)have been induced to characterize both the *** was characterized using tensile and Charpy V-notch *** number,size and composition of the inclusions were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive *** the Al-killed steel,the inclusion structure consisted of titanium nitrides,stringer calcium aluminates and elongated manganese sulfides,whereas in the Zr-killed steel,the inclusion structure consisted of mainly fine spherical oxide inclusions with sulphide *** impurity content did not have a significant effect on the number density of inclusions,as with higher and lower impurity content,the number of inclusions was 83.7 and 78.8 mm^(-2),***,the size distribution of the inclusions,especially the coarse inclusions with their longest length greater than 8μm,differsmuch from each *** number density of coarse inclusions differs from 0.8 to 1.1 mm^(-2) with processing,and in Al-killed steel,55.5% of the coarse inclusions were titanium nitrides or manganese sulfides,whereas in Zr-killed steel,only 22.5% of the coarse inclusions were titanium nitrides and manganese *** titanium nitrides were especially detrimental to the impact *** number density of them should be below 0.33 mm-2 in order to guarantee the best possible toughness in the steel in *** average crystallographic grain size detected by electron backscattered diffraction of Zr-killed steel(4

关键词： Microalloyed heavy plate Zr-killed technology Inclusion modification Mechanical property

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First-principles investigation of elastic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of kagome metals CsM3Te5 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf)

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Physical Review materials 2024年第12期8卷 126201-126201页

作者： Yifan Wei Arjyama Bordoloi Chaon-En (Aaron) Chuang Sobhit Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Materials Science Program University of Rochester Rochester New York 14627 USA Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA

Kagome metals are a unique class of quantum materials characterized by their distinct atomic lattice arrangement, featuring interlocking triangles and expansive hexagonal voids. These lattice structures impart exotic properties, including superconductivity, interaction-driven topological many-body phenomena, and magnetism, among others. The kagome metal CsM3Te5 (where M = Ti, Zr, or Hf) exhibits both superconductivity and nontrivial topological electronic properties, offering a promising platform for exploring topological superconductivity. This study employs first-principles density functional theory calculations to systematically analyze the elastic, mechanical, vibrational, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of CsM3Te5 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). Our calculations reveal that the studied compounds—CsTi3Te5, CsZr3Te5, and CsHf3Te5—are ductile metals with elastic properties akin to the hexagonal Bi and Sb, with average elastic constants, including a bulk modulus of 27 GPa, a shear modulus of 11 GPa, and Young's modulus of 29 GPa. We observe peculiar dispersionless, flat, phonon branches in the vibrational spectra of these metals. Additionally, we thoroughly analyze the symmetries of the zone-center phonon eigenvectors and predict vibrational fingerprints of the Raman- and infrared-active phonon modes. The analysis of thermodynamic properties reveals the Einstein temperature for CsTi3Te5, CsZr3Te5, and CsHf3Te5 to be 66, 54, and 53 K, respectively. Our orbital-decomposed electronic structure calculations reveal significant in-plane steric interactions and multiple Dirac band crossings near the Fermi level. We further investigate the role of spin-orbit coupling effect on the studied properties. This theoretical investigation sheds light on the intriguing quantum behavior of kagome metals.

关键词： Spin orbit coupling

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Perspective on descriptors of mechanical behavior of cubic transition-metal carbides and nitrides

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kindlund, Hanna Ciobanu, Theodora Kodambaka, Suneel Ciobanu, Cristian V. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States University of Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters Notre DameIN46556 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States

Cubic rocksalt structured transition-metal carbides, nitrides (TMC/Ns), and related alloys, are attractive for a wide variety of applications, notably as hard, wear-resistant materials. To-date, valence electron concentration (VEC) is used as a good indicator of stability and mechanical properties of these refractory compounds. In this perspective, we argue for the need of electronic descriptors beyond VEC to explain and predict the mechanical behavior of the cubic TMC/Ns. As such, we point out that descriptors that highlight differences between constituents, along with semi-empirical models of mechanical properties, have been underused. Additionally, it appears promising to partition VEC into contribution to ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds and we suggest that such partition could provide more insights into predicting mechanical properties in the future. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrides

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Development of a mid-infrared fiber sensor for molecular monitoring 25

Development of a mid-infrared fiber sensor for molecular mon...

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Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics, Treatment, and Environmental Applications XXV 2025

作者： Lee, Tse-Ang Xiao, Zhenyang Burghoff, David P. Hutter, Tanya The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States The University of Texas AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683686

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) optical fiber sensors offer highly specific and sensitive detection and analysis of various chemical species due to many molecular vibrations and fundamental absorption bands in this range. In this paper, we present a novel optical fiber probe design allowing for controlled optical pathlength. The optical fiber probe was fabricated using a silver halide polycrystalline fiber, a gold-coated short fiber as a mirror, and a connector to align the two parts to face each other. The outer diameter of the connector, 1.59 mm, dictates the overall probe diameter. To demonstrate the sensing performance, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) was coupled to the optical fiber probe to measure glucose solutions at physiological concentration levels by monitoring the C-O stretching vibration at 1,035 cm-1. A detection limit of 8.91 mM for glucose was achieved. The results highlight the potential of the proposed optical fiber probe for molecular detection and analysis, offering a promising solution for chemical and biomedical applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Gold coatings

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Optothermal rotation of micro-/nano-objects in liquids

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ding, Hongru Chen, Zhihan Ponce, Carolina Zheng, Yuebing Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Controllable rotation of micro-/nano-objects provides tremendous opportunities for cellular biology, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, and micro/nanorobotics. Among different rotation techniques, optical rotation is particularly attractive due to its contactless and fuel-free operation. However, optical rotation precision is typically impaired by the intrinsic optical heating of the target objects. Optothermal rotation, which harnesses light-modulated thermal effects, features simpler optics, lower operational power, and higher applicability to various objects. In this Feature Article, we discuss the recent progress of optothermal rotation with a focus on work from our research group. We categorize the various rotation techniques based on distinct physical mechanisms, including thermophoresis, thermoelectricity, thermo-electrokinetics, thermo-osmosis, thermal convection, and thermo-capillarity. Benefiting from the different rotation modes (i.e., in-plane and out-of-plane rotation), diverse applications in single-cell mechanics, 3D bio-imaging, and micro/nanomotors are demonstrated. We conclude the article with our perspectives on the operating guidelines, existing challenges, and future directions of optothermal rotation. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Rotation

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A Physics-Constrained Deep Learning Treatment of Runaway Electron Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： McDevitt, Christopher J. Arnaud, Jonathan Tang, Xian-Zhu Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States

An adjoint formulation leveraging a physics-informed neural network (PINN) is employed to advance the density moment of a runaway electron (RE) distribution forward in time. A distinguishing feature of this approach is that once the adjoint problem is solved, its solution can be used to project the RE density forward in time for an arbitrary initial momentum space distribution of REs. Furthermore, by employing a PINN, a parametric solution to the adjoint problem can be learned. Thus, once trained, this adjoint-deep learning framework is able to efficiently project the RE density forward in time across various plasma conditions while still including a fully kinetic description of RE dynamics. As an example application, the temporal evolution of the density of primary electrons is studied, with particular emphasis on evaluating the decay of a RE population when below threshold. Predictions from the adjoint-deep learning framework are found to be in good agreement with a traditional relativistic electron Fokker-Planck solver, for several distinct initial conditions, and across an array of physics parameters. Once trained the PINN thus provides a means of generating RE density time histories with exceptionally low online execution time. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Fokker Planck equation

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N- and P-Type Doping of Diamonds: A Review

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sultana, Maria Karmakar, Subrata Haque, Ariful Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University San MarcosTX78666 United States Materials Science Engineering & Commercialization Program Texas State University San MarcosTX78666 United States

Diamond has been one of the most investigated ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors for optoelectronics, superconductors, energy, and quantum applications for almost half of a century owing to its unique properties. Diamonds' intrinsic features- a large bandgap (5.47 eV), an extremely high breakdown voltage (10 MV/cm), the highest thermal conductivity (2200 W/m-K), and very high radiation-tolerance, make them promising for high-power, high-frequency devices suitable for high-temperature and extreme radiation environments. Since the demand for high-speed consumer electronics with large power and faster data handling capacity is rising at an unprecedented rate in the post-COVID era, diamonds' excellent mobility of electrons and holes (4500 and 3800 cm2/V-s) make them ideal for servers and systems. To materialize these multipurpose devices with higher efficiency and endurance than Si and SiC-based technologies, diamonds with good p- and n-type conductivity are needed. Therefore, nearly several decades-long efforts have been devoted to understanding and controlling the carrier conductivities in diamonds. Furthermore, diamonds' color centers' remarkable application as the qubit for next-generation quantum computers has also sparked interest in investigating diamond point defects at the quantum level. Hence, it is necessary to comprehensively study the fabrication, doping, and applications in semiconducting and quantum devices to stay relevant to the diamond revolution and thus advance this flourishing field. Therefore, this review article summarizes the current status and breakthroughs in diamond doping and devices fabricated using doped diamonds to provide an overview of the challenges and successes in using this highly promising UWBG material in electronic, superconducting, and quantum applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diamonds

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An Efficient Surrogate Model of Secondary Electron Formation and Evolution

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

This work extends the adjoint-deep learning framework for runaway electron (RE) evolution developed in Ref. [1] to account for large-angle collisions. By incorporating large-angle collisions the framework allows the avalanche of REs to be captured, an essential component to RE dynamics. This extension is accomplished by using a Rosenbluth-Putvinski approximation to estimate the distribution of secondary electrons generated by large-angle collisions. By evolving both the primary and multiple generations of secondary electrons, the present formulation is able to capture both the detailed temporal evolution of a RE population beginning from an arbitrary initial momentum space distribution, along with providing approximations to the saturated growth and decay rates of the RE population. Predictions of the adjoint-deep learning framework are verified against a traditional RE solver, with good agreement present across a broad range of parameters. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Electrons

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Electrospun Aligned PCL/Gelatin Scaffolds Mimicking the Skin ECM for Effective Antimicrobial Wound Dressings

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Advanced Fiber materials 2023年第1期5卷 235-251页

作者： Erfan Rezvani Ghomi Rajamani Lakshminarayanan Vijila Chellappan Navin Kumar Verma Amutha Chinnappan Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany Kottaiswamy Amuthavalli Zhi Sheng Poh Brandon Han Siang Wong Nileshkumar Dubey Roger Narayan Seeram Ramakrishna Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Nanotechnology and SustainabilityNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117581Singapore Ocular Infections and Antimicrobials Research Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteThe Academia20 College RoadDiscovery TowerSingapore 169856Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)#08‑032 Fusionopolis WayInnovisSingapore 138634Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University SingaporeClinical Sciences Building11 Mandalay RoadSingapore 308232Singapore Department of Pharmacy National University of Singapore18 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore 169857Singapore National Skin Centre 1 Mandalay RoadSingapore 308205Singapore Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringHakim Sabzevari UniversitySabzevar ***Iran Faculty of Dentistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 119085Singapore ORCHIDS:Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore 119085Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27514USA

Bacterial infections and multidrug-resistant bacteria are major health burdens in wound *** antimicrobial agents,e.g.,ε-polylysine(ε-PL),provide a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties and support dermal cell ***,ε-PL was incorporated into polycaprolactone(PCL)/gelatin electrospun scaffolds collected at varying rotation ***,the samples were crosslinked using dopamine hydrochloride to provide highly proliferative dressings with broad antimicrobial *** morphological study showed that the electrospun wound dressings were smooth,continuous,and bead-free,with a mean diameter ranging from 267±7 to 331±8 nm for all random and aligned *** fiber alignment of the electrospun PCL/gelatin scaffolds improved their tensile strength and ***,nanofiber mats are highly hydro-philic,which is crucial for an efficient wound *** samples also demonstrated high antimicrobial properties against common wound bacterial strains,including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),Staphylococcus aureus(SA),Escherichia coli(EC),Acinetobacter baumannii(AB),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA).Mammalian cell prolifera-tion and morphology assays involving primary human dermal fibroblasts(hDFs)and immortalized keratinocytes(HaCaT)showed excellent biocompatibility of the electrospun mats and remarkably aligned ***,aligned mats showed more cell migration than randomly oriented mats,which is desirable for more efficient wound ***,it can be concluded that aligned PCL/gelatin mats containingε-PL are promising for potential use in wound dressings.

关键词： Electrospinning Wound healing Fiber alignment Biomaterials Nanofiber dressing Bacterial infections

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