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2023 Transactions of the American Nuclear Society Annual Meeting and Technology Expo, ANS 2023

作者： Remy, Jarod Zhang, Yuxuan Talesara, Vishank Zhao, Hongping Lu, Wu Hashimoto, Tadao Cao, Lei R. Nuclear Engineering Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 281 W. Lane Ave. ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 281 W. Lane Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Material Science and Engineering The Ohio State University 281 W. Lane Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States SixPoint Materials Inc 37 Industrial Way STE 106 BuelltonCA United States

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The Feather Structure and Bioinspired Rachis Design

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Velasco-Hogan, Audrey Tavares, Sheron S. Lazarus, Benjamin Mahrous, Mahmoud A. Jasiuk, Iwona Meyers, Marc Andre Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Mechanical Science and Engineering Department University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States Depts. Of Nanoengineering and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego United States

The feather structure is comprised of a central shaft, lateral barbs and a network of barbules connecting them. These three components act synergistically to provide lift and damage recovery. The feather shaft is the predominant load-bearing component of the feather and is composed of the calamus and the rachis. Both the shaft and barbs consist of an external hollow shell filled with cellular keratin. Quantitative measurements of core (medulla) density and viscoelastic parameters are made across several avian species. There is a notable decrease in both storage and loss moduli with the mass of the birds. The mechanics of the feather shaft are explored through 3D-printed bioinspired designs to investigate structure-property relationships with respect to flight. Sandwich structures inspired by the feather shaft are printed with and without a foam core to establish flexural properties. The flexural strength of the sandwich structure increases with the addition of a foam core, due to the increase in the resistance to buckling and a modest moment of inertia. However, the stiffness is not significantly altered with the addition of the core. It is primarily determined by the cortex since the foam provides negligible moment of inertia. Both experiments and analysis on synthetic systems demonstrate that the feather rachis uses a highly optimized design. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Viscoelasticity

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Effect of Ultrasound and Mixing of Folate and Trastuzumab Liposomes on DOX Release and Cellular Uptake

Effect of Ultrasound and Mixing of Folate and Trastuzumab Li...

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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and engineering (NANOMED)

作者： Nour M. AlSawaftah Willian G. Pitt Ghaleb A. Husseini Materials Science and Engineering Program College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Chemical Engineering Department Brigham Young University Provo Utah United States Chemical and Biological Engineering Department College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (数字)9798331516994

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517007

This study explores the potential of physically mixing individually targeted Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes functionalized with folic acid (FA) and trastuzumab (TRA), combined with ultrasound (US) triggering, to enhance targeted breast cancer therapy. This research focused on synthesizing, characterizing, and evaluating DOX release, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity of FA-PEG and TRA-PEG-modified liposomes mixed at different volume fractions. Low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) were employed to trigger DOX release. The study demonstrated that the sonicated-physically-mixed liposomes showed superior release performance (specifically the M75 group) and increased cellular uptake (specifically the M25 group) compared to individually targeted liposomes, highlighting their combined potential in breast cancer treatment.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging Medical treatment Breast cancer Drug delivery

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PVA-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting: A comprehensive review of their applications in tissue engineering

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Bioprinting 2025年 49卷

作者： Johari, Narges Adabavazeh, Zary Baino, Francesco Materials Engineering Group Golpayegan College of Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Golpayegan Iran Ph.D. Program Graduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy

3D bioprinting is an innovative approach that overcomes the limitations of traditional methods for creating cell-laden biomaterials and constructs. It allows for the fabrication of complex and biologically active tissue structures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based bioinks within a 3D bioprinting framework. PVA-based bioinks exhibit remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to enhance cell growth and differentiation. These properties make them appropriate for many tissue engineering applications. The study evaluates the physicochemical and biological properties of PVA bioinks, including how they combine with other materials such as gelatin, chitin, chitosan, alginate, agarose, cellulose, κ-carrageenan, methacrylate, nanoparticles, mineral additives, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, this review evaluates the benefits of market availability and enhanced printing resolution, in addition to the challenges posed by complexity, dependency on support baths, and the risk of contamination. The objective of this review is to draw attention to the capabilities of PVA-based bioinks and provide guidelines for future research to improve the effectiveness of these materials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Bioink Bioprinting Polyvinyl alcohol PVA-based bioinks

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An application of conjugate gradient technique for determination of thermal conductivity as an inverse engineering problem 3

An application of conjugate gradient technique for determina...

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3rd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical engineering and Nanotechnology, ICAMEN 2021

作者： Pandey, Vivek Bekele, Addisu Ahmed, Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Jee Kanu, Nand Singh, Gyanendra Kumar Department of Thermal and Aerospace Engineering School of Mechanical Chemical and Materials Engineering Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Centre of Excellence for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Program of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical Chemical and Materials Engineering Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Department of Mechanical Engineering S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat India Department of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical Chemical and Materials Engineering Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia

Inverse problems frequently occur when boundary conditions/thermal properties of a material are unknown, and are determined from known internal temperature measurements. A direct problem is the opposite of an inverse problem. For example, it would be the task of determining the temperature field within a material body, given boundary conditions and thermal properties. In an ill-posed, inverse problem, small variations in internal temperature measurement cause large variations in the estimated quantity such as boundary heat flux. Measured temperature variations may be due to noise, measurement error and instrumentation error, among other factors. There are various methods for solving inverse problems in materials engineering. In the paper, an inverse problem of estimating boundary heat flux for one-dimensional heat conduction is solved using the classical method of Beck and temperature dependent thermal conductivity is estimated using the more recent and advanced Conjugate Gradient method (CGM). The temperature values from the finite difference application to a direct heat transfer problem are used along with noise added to the data, in order to simulate real world, experimental conditions. The data is applied to the inverse problem of finding boundary heat flux and thermal conductivity. It is seen that Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) along with sequential function specification method recovers the boundary heat flux and thermal conductivity quite accurately for noise levels of 1% and 2%. It is further observed that addition of future time steps stabilize the algorithm and increase accuracy of the desired results. It is also observed that CGM can recover the temperature dependent thermal conductivity quickly within few iterations, for different values of thermal conductivity function coefficients, k0and k1. CGM is found to be fast and robust when applied to one-dimensional case and can be extended to complex geometries. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Oscillatory Hall effect from magnetoelectronic coupling in flexoelectronic silicon

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lou, Paul C. Bhardwaj, Ravindra G. Katailiha, Anand Beyermann, W.P. Kumar, Sandeep Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California RiversideCA92521 United States

The magnetoelectronic coupling can be defined as cross-domain coupling between electronic and magnetic properties, where modulation in magnetic properties changes the electronic properties. In this letter, an explicit experimental evidence of magnetoelectronic coupling is presented, which is uncovered from oscillatory Hall effect response in Hall measurement. The strain gradient in a MgO (1.8 nm)/p-Si (∼400 nm) freestanding sample leads to transfer of electrons (∼5×1018 cm-3) from valence to conduction band due to flexoelectronic charge separation in the p-Si layer. The resulting flexoelectronic polarization gives rise to temporal magnetic moment from dynamical multiferroicity. The external magnetic field changes the net temporal magnetic moment, which causes modulations in charge carrier concentration and oscillatory Hall effect. The period of oscillatory Hall response is 1.12 T, which is attributed to the magnitude of temporal magnetic moment. The discovery of oscillatory Hall effect adds a new member to the family of Hall effects. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic moments

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Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-MetalBased All-Solid-State Batteries

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ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021年第4期6卷 1399-1404页

作者： Albertus, Paul Anandan, Venkataramani Ban, Chunmei Balsara, Nitash Belharouak, Ilias Buettner-Garrett, Josh Chen, Zonghai Daniel, Claus Doeff, Marca Dudney, Nancy J. Dunn, Bruce Harris, Stephen J. Herle, Subramanya Herbert, Eric Kalnaus, Sergiy Libera, Joesph A. Lu, Dongping Martin, Steve McCloskey, Bryan D. McDowell, Matthew T. Meng, Y. Shirley Nanda, Jagjit Sakamoto, Jeff Self, Ethan C. Tepavcevic, Sanja Wachsman, Eric Wang, Chunsheng Westover, Andrew S. Xiao, Jie Yersak, Thomas Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 United States Ford Motor Company Dearborn Michigan 48121 United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Materials Sciences Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Energy and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 United States Solid Power Inc. Louisville Colorado 80027 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States Applied Materials Inc. 3225 Oakmead Village Drive B12_2F6 Santa Clara California 95054 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 United States Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Iowa State University of Science & Technology Ames Iowa 50011 United States Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 United States Department of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 United States Chemical and Materials Systems Laborat

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Reducing anisotropy of rhombohedral Bi-rich phase for high-performance Ag-alloyed Sn–Bi low-temperature solders

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Journal of materials Research and Technology 2024年 30卷 16-24页

作者： Yang, Chih-han Liu, Yu-chen Nishikawa, Hiroshi Lin, Shih-kang Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Joining and Welding Research Institute Osaka University 11-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka567-0047 Japan Research Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Core Facility Center National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

The rhombohedral structure is with anisotropic properties, leading to brittle mechanical properties. However, it is one of the major constituent phases, the (Bi) phase, in the Sn–Bi-based low-temperature solders, which is demanding in the electronic industry for reducing the soldering temperature and alleviating the warpage in high-density fine-pitch electronic packaging. Herein, we proposed a high-performance Ag-alloyed Sn–Bi (SBA) low-temperature solder by reducing the fraction and, more importantly, the anisotropy of the (Bi) phase. We found that the (Bi) phase exhibited considerable solubility for Ag and Sn, even after thermal aging, without any nanoprecipitates as confirmed with both CALPHAD-type thermodynamic modeling and high-resolution TEM. The solution effects of Ag and Sn in the (Bi) phase is elaborated based on in situ nano-indentation, EPMA compositional analyses, EBSD characterizations, and ab initio calculations. The presence of Ag and Sn in the (Bi) phases resulted in both solid solution hardening and softening effects, depending on the Schmid factor of the grain. As a result, in (Bi) polycrystals, alloying could effectively mitigate the anisotropic mechanical properties of the (Bi) phase and facilitated a more uniform dispersion of forces exerted among (Bi) grains in all orientations. Consequently, the designed SBA solder exhibited superior mechanical properties, e.g., an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 55 MPa, elongation of 46%, and toughness of 20.6 × 106 J/m3 at a strain rate of 0.0005 s−1. This understanding opens the door for enhanced rhombohedral phase in alloy design for various applications. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Anisotropy

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Cr is not an acceptor in β−Ga2O3

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Physical Review materials 2025年第5期9卷 054606-054606页

作者： Cassandra Remple Benjamin L. Dutton Joel B. Varley John S. McCloy Matthew D. McCluskey Materials Science & Engineering Program Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164-2711 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164-2814 USA Institute of Materials Research Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164-2711 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94551-0808 USA

The intensity of red Cr3+ photoluminescence (PL) in monoclinic gallium oxide (β−Ga2O3) is suppressed by n-type conductivity, an effect that has been attributed to a Cr deep acceptor level in the bandgap. In n-type material, such an acceptor level would be occupied, resulting in the Cr2+ oxidation state and the absence of Cr3+ PL. To test this model, n-type β−Ga2O3 crystals co-doped with Cr and Zr (a donor) were grown from the melt. The samples show Cr3+ optical absorption bands and a high free-electron concentration of 4×1018cm−3. If Cr were an acceptor, then it would be fully compensated and therefore would not exhibit the Cr3+ optical signature. Hybrid functional calculations indicate that Cr occupies the substitutional octahedral Ga(II) site and that the Cr2+ state is energetically unfavorable, i.e., Cr is not an acceptor. Weak Cr3+ PL was observed in the Cr/Zr co-doped samples. The quenching of PL may be caused by a transfer of energy to free electrons, a nonradiative process that would reduce the emission intensity.

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Grain Boundary Segregation Models for High-Entropy Alloys: Theoretical Formulation and Derived Analytical Expressions to Elucidate High-Entropy Grain Boundaries

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Luo, Jian Department of NanoEngineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

Grain boundary (GB) segregation models are derived for multi-principal element and high-entropy alloys (MPEAs and HEAs). Differing from classical models where one component is taken as solvent and others are considered solutes, these models are referenced to the bulk composition to enable improved treatments of MPEAs and HEAs with no principal components. An ideal solution model is first formulated and solved to obtain analytical expressions that predict GB segregation and GB energy in MPEAs and HEAs. A regular solution model is further derived. The GB composition calculated using the simple analytical expression derived in this study and data from the materials Project agree well with a prior sphosipcated atomistic simulation for NbMoTaW. The simplicity of the derived analytical expressions makes them useful for not only conveniently predicting GB segregation trends in HEAs, but also analyzing nascent interfacial phenomena in composionally complex GBs. As an application example, the derived models are used to further formulate a set of useful equations to elucidate an emergent concept of high-entropy grain boundaries (HEGBs). © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Entropy

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