This innovative practice full paper describes a novel design course for electrical and computerengineering students. In the class, students are taught the basics of the engineering design process in the context of el...
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In this paper, we study stealthy cyber-attacks on actuators of cyber-physical systems(CPS), namely zero dynamics and controllable attacks. In particular, under certain assumptions, we investigate and propose condition...
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In this paper, we study stealthy cyber-attacks on actuators of cyber-physical systems(CPS), namely zero dynamics and controllable attacks. In particular, under certain assumptions, we investigate and propose conditions under which one can execute zero dynamics and controllable attacks in the CPS. The above conditions are derived based on the Markov parameters of the CPS and elements of the system observability matrix. Consequently, in addition to outlining the number of required actuators to be attacked, these conditions provide one with the minimum system knowledge needed to perform zero dynamics and controllable cyber-attacks. As a countermeasure against the above stealthy cyber-attacks, we develop a dynamic coding scheme that increases the minimum number of the CPS required actuators to carry out zero dynamics and controllable cyber-attacks to its maximum possible value. It is shown that if at least one secure input channel exists, the proposed dynamic coding scheme can prevent adversaries from executing the zero dynamics and controllable attacks even if they have complete knowledge of the coding system. Finally, two illustrative numerical case studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and capabilities of our derived conditions and proposed methodologies.
Building heating, ventilating, and air conditioning(HVAC) systems have one of the largest energy footprint worldwide, which necessitates the design of intelligent control algorithms that improve the energy utilization...
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Building heating, ventilating, and air conditioning(HVAC) systems have one of the largest energy footprint worldwide, which necessitates the design of intelligent control algorithms that improve the energy utilization while still providing thermal comfort. In this work, the authors formulate the HVAC equipment dynamics in the setting of a two-player non-zero-sum cooperative game, which enables two decision variables(mass flow rate and supply air temperature) to perform joint optimization of the control utilization and thermal setpoint tracking by simultaneously exchanging their policies. The HVAC zone serves as a game environment for these two decision variables that act as two players in a game. It is assumed that dynamic models of HVAC equipment are not available. Furthermore, neither the state nor any estimates of HVAC disturbance(heat gains, outside variations, etc.) are accessible,but only the measurement of the zone temperature is available for feedback. Under these constraints,the authors develop a new data-driven Q-learning scheme employing policy iteration and value iteration with a bias compensation mechanism that accounts for unmeasurable disturbances and circumvents the need of full-state measurement. The proposed algorithms are shown to converge to the optimal solution corresponding to the generalized algebraic Riccati equations(GAREs) in dynamic games.
Research has demonstrated the positive influence of Undergraduate Research Experience (URE) programs in Science, Technology, engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) on students' educational journey and their developme...
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Millimeter-wave(mmWave)Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)with random beamforming is a promising technology to guarantee massive connectivity and low latency transmissions of future generations of mobile *** this pap...
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Millimeter-wave(mmWave)Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)with random beamforming is a promising technology to guarantee massive connectivity and low latency transmissions of future generations of mobile *** this paper,we introduce a cost-effective and energy-efficient mmWave-NOMA system that exploits sparse antenna arrays in the *** analysis shows that utilizing low-weight and small-sized sparse antennas in the Base Station(BS)leads to better outage probability *** also introduce an optimum low complexity Equilibrium Optimization(EO)-based algorithm to further improve the outage *** simulation and analysis results show that the systems equipped with sparse antenna arrays making use of optimum beamforming vectors outperform the conventional systems with uniform linear arrays in terms of outage probability and sum rates.
In the electric power equipment industry,various insulating materials and accessories are manufactured using petroleum-based epoxy ***,petrochemical resources are gradually becoming *** addition,the global surge in pl...
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In the electric power equipment industry,various insulating materials and accessories are manufactured using petroleum-based epoxy ***,petrochemical resources are gradually becoming *** addition,the global surge in plastic usage has consistently raised concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions,leading to worsening global ***,to facilitate eco-friendly policies,industrialising epoxy systems applicable to high-pressure components using bio-based epoxy composites is *** results of the characterisation conducted in this research regarding bio-content were confirmed through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry,which showed that as the bio-content increased,the thermal stability *** the operating temperature of 105℃ for the insulation spacer,structurally,no issues would be encountered if the spacer was manufactured with a bio-content of 20%(bio 20%).Subsequent tensile and flexural strength measurements revealed mechanical properties equivalent to or better than those of their petroleum-based *** impact strength tended to decrease with increasing *** the dielectric properties confirmed that the epoxy composite containing 20%biomaterial is suitable for manufacturing insulation ***,a series of tests conducted after spacer fabrication confirmed the absence of internal metals and bubbles with no external discolouration or cracks observed.
This paper presents a novel integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) framework that leverages recent advancements in reconfigurable distributed antennas and reflecting surfaces (RDARS). RDARS is a programmable stru...
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In this paper the authors consider the operational problem of optimal signalling and control,called control-coding capacity(with feedback),C_(FB) in bits/second,of discrete-time nonlinear partially observable stochast...
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In this paper the authors consider the operational problem of optimal signalling and control,called control-coding capacity(with feedback),C_(FB) in bits/second,of discrete-time nonlinear partially observable stochastic systems in state space form,subject to an average cost constraint.C_(FB) is the maximum rate of encoding signals or messages into randomized controller-encoder strategies with feedback,which control the state of the system,and reproducing the messages at the output of the system using a decoder or estimator with arbitrary small asymptotic error *** the first part of the paper,the authors characterize C_(FB) by an information theoretic optimization problem of maximizing directed information from the inputs to the outputs of the system,over randomized strategies(controller-encoders).The authors derive equivalent characterizations of C_(FB),using randomized strategies generated by either uniform or arbitrary distributed random variables(RVs),sufficient statistics,and a posteriori distributions of nonlinear filtering *** the second part of the paper,the authors analyze C_(FB) for linear-quadratic Gaussian partially observable stochastic systems(LQG-POSSs).The authors show that randomized strategies consist of control,estimation and signalling parts,and the sufficient statistics are,two Kalman-filters and an orthogonal innovations *** authors prove a semi-separation principle which states,the optimal control strategy is determined explicitly from the solution of a control matrix difference Riccati equation(DRE),independently of the estimation and signalling ***,the authors express the optimization problem of C_(FB) in terms of two filtering matrix DREs,a control matrix DRE,and the covariance of the innovations *** the paper,the authors illustrate that the expression of C_(FB) includes as degenerate cases,problems of stochastic optimal control and channel capacity of information transmission.
The authors consider the property of detectability of discrete event systems in the presence of sensor attacks in the context of *** authors model the system using an automaton and study the general notion of detectab...
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The authors consider the property of detectability of discrete event systems in the presence of sensor attacks in the context of *** authors model the system using an automaton and study the general notion of detectability where a given set of state pairs needs to be(eventually or periodically)distinguished in any estimate of the state of the *** authors adopt the ALTER sensor attack model from previous work and formulate four notions of CA-detectability in the context of this attack model based on the following attributes:strong or weak;eventual or *** authors present verification methods for strong CA-detectability and weak *** authors present definitions of strong and weak periodic CA-detectability that are based on the construction of a verifier automaton called the augmented *** development also resulted in relaxing assumptions in prior results on D-detectability,which is a special case of CA-detectability.
Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear,with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night *** refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at a wide field of v...
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Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear,with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night *** refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at a wide field of view,leading to limited performance and increased size and *** particular,simultaneously achieving a wide field of view and large aperture for light collection is desirable but challenging to realize in a compact ***,we demonstrate a wide field of view(greater than 60°)meta-optic doublet eyepiece with an entrance aperture of 2.1 *** the design wavelength of 633 nm,the meta-optic doublet achieves comparable performance to a refractive lens-based eyepiece *** meta-doublet eyepiece illustrates the potential for meta-optics to play an important role in the development of high-quality monochrome near-eye displays and night vision systems.
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