【目的】解析和定量评价林分因子对赤松赤枯病发生(发病率和病情指数)的影响,为昆嵛山赤松纯林的营林措施和赤枯病的预防提供理论指导。【方法】在昆嵛山区域选取林龄相对一致(约34年)的赤松纯林为研究对象,调查林分密度、郁闭度、树高、枝下高、胸径和冠幅6个林分因子及赤枯病的发病率和病情指数,采用方差分析、相关性分析和多重比较分析各项林分因子与赤松赤枯病之间的关系,并通过冗余分析得影响赤枯病发生的关键因子。【结果】赤枯病在赤松林中普遍发生,发病样地占调查样地的96.3%。整体上,高密度林( 2 956 ~4 089株·hm -2 )的发病率和病情指数显著高于低密度林(688~1 822株·hm -2 )和中密度林(1 823~2 955株·hm -2 )的发病率和病情指数;疏林(郁闭度<30%)的发病率和病情指数显著低于中疏林(郁闭度30%~70%)和密林(郁闭度> 70%)的发病率和病情指数;在不同的树高、枝下高、冠幅和胸径分组中,发病率和病情指数均随着分组值的增大而减小。相关性分析表明:林分密度对赤枯病发病率和病情指数的影响均达到极显著正相关水平( r =0.761, P < 0.01;r =0.748, P < 0.01);赤枯病的发病率和病情指数也均受到郁闭度的极显著影响( r =0.509, P < 0.01;r =0.442, P < 0.01);二者与树高均呈极显著正相关( r =-0.443, P < 0.01;r =-0.362, P < 0.01);赤枯病的发病率和病情指数均随枝下高的增大而极显著减小( r =-0.460, P < 0.01;r =-0.419, P < 0.01);二者与胸径均呈负相关关系,且相关性极显著( r =-0.425, P < 0.01;r =-0.373, P < 0.01);随着冠幅的增大,林木发病率和病情指数均极显著降低( r =-0.345, P < 0.01;r =-0.381, P < 0.01)。冗余分析证明林分密度和枝下高对赤枯病发生的贡献最大。【结论】松赤枯病在昆嵛山区域发生较普遍但不严重,其发病率和病情指数在不同林分因子分组中均有差异,且均受各林分因子极显著影响。RDA分析证明,林分密度和枝下高对松赤枯病影响最显著,建议对昆嵛山区域赤松纯林赤枯病的防治工作要以重要因子为主要调控对象,进行合理修剪和间伐。
The study showed that at low elevation of Three Gorges Reservoir area,Pinus massoniana,Cupressus funebris and Cunninghamia lanceolata were the main coniferous forests,which were respectively divided into 14,9 and 5 co...
详细信息
The study showed that at low elevation of Three Gorges Reservoir area,Pinus massoniana,Cupressus funebris and Cunninghamia lanceolata were the main coniferous forests,which were respectively divided into 14,9 and 5 community types based on field *** whole trend of their species richness index,species diversity index and species evenness index was that shrub layer and herb layer were larger than tree *** diversity indices had no obvious trend along the low elevation gradients,which was probably relevant to the high intensity of human activities in the area.
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