采用Y-型嗅觉仪测定了白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao在经历不同环境后对栗山天牛幼虫的搜索和寄生能力。结果表明，白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂羽化初期分别经历栗山天牛Massicus raddei(Blessig)幼虫虫粪或辽东栎Quercus li...
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采用Y-型嗅觉仪测定了白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao在经历不同环境后对栗山天牛幼虫的搜索和寄生能力。结果表明，白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂羽化初期分别经历栗山天牛Massicus raddei(Blessig)幼虫虫粪或辽东栎Quercus liaotungensis树皮的混合物和白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire幼虫虫粪和绒毛白蜡Fraxinus velutina树皮的混合物环境后，对所经历的气味产生明显的趋性，且在上述两种气味环境中分别添加栗山天牛幼虫和白蜡窄吉丁幼虫供肿腿蜂取食后，其对所经历的气味环境的趋性更强。室内对非自然寄主栗山天牛的搜索寄生试验和麻痹效率试验中发现，当肿腿蜂经历栗山天牛栖境环境后，其对栗山天牛的麻痹效率和寄生能力均比经历白蜡窄吉丁栖境环境和无学习经历的肿腿蜂高，其中有取食栗山天牛幼虫经历的肿腿蜂对其幼虫的麻痹效率和寄生率最高。经历白蜡窄吉丁栖境环境且取食白蜡窄吉丁幼虫的肿腿蜂对栗山天牛幼虫的麻痹效率和寄生率最低。
In order to measure the impact of changes in the marsh on breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Cranes (***) in the Sanjiang Plain,we conducted a complete crane súrvey in each of the summe...
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In order to measure the impact of changes in the marsh on breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Cranes (***) in the Sanjiang Plain,we conducted a complete crane súrvey in each of the summers of 2007 and 2008,and obtained information on the changes in its marsh through interpretation of satellite images in 1986,1995,2000 and 2005.A comparison between the 1984 and 2008 census shows that:1) the number of Red-crowned Cranes remained stable at about 300 birds,while the number of White-naped Cranes increased markedly; 2) the estimates of nests of Red-crowned cranes are close to the numbers of 1984,while approximately 90％ of the nests of these two crane species were distributed over five national nature reserves (NNRs); 3) the two crane species became more concentrated in three regions,i.e.,the Fuyuan Delta,the middle reaches of the Naoli and Qixing rivers,and the Xingkai Lake wetlands,rather as formerly in six *** area of the marsh decreased by 45％ within the 20-year period from 1986 to *** major loss of the marsh area was in the form of a conversion to paddy fields and dry land,which can be primarily attributed to direct human activity under various economic and policy *** disappearance of cranes in the Dulu and Abuqin rivers was induced by large-scale agricultural *** fragmentation into and isolation of small areas of the marsh became increasingly more serious,which resulted in unsuitable condtions for crane breeding in small patches of the *** number of cranes declined from 1984-1995 but had recovered remarkably by 2008,which may be due to theestablishment of a system of nature reserves,in place since *** land ownership of the reserve plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the wetland ecosystem,especially in Sanjiang,Honghe,Naolihe and Qixinghe NNRs,which together accommodated approximately 80％ of the population of ***,we did not discover any nests at all in the provincial and
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