Daytime activity budgets of feral goats （ Capra hircus ） were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables （temperature and rainf...
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Daytime activity budgets of feral goats （ Capra hircus ） were studied in 1981, 1982 and 2000 on the Isle of Rum, northwest Scotland. This paper analyzes the influence of key weather variables （temperature and rainfall） and seasonal variations in daylength on daytime activity budgets. This study showed that the percentage of daytime spent in feeding by feral goats on Rum Island decreased with average monthly temperature, while the percentage of daytime spent in lying increased and rainfall had no significant effects on the percentage daytime spent in feeding or lying. The daylength varied greatly from January to December with the longest daylength being in June and July, and the shortest one in December and January. The amount of daytime spent feeding decreased from summer to winter, although the percentage of daytime spent feeding increased greatly from summer to winter. The seasonal variations in daylength seem to be an important factor in constraining feral goats＇ activity, especially in the cold and wet winters when forage biomass and quality are both at their lowest level. We discuss the influence of such constraining effects on the forage intake of these goats and their winter survival rate, as well as its implication for population regulation of these goats.
The volatile compositions of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) are analyzed. The main turpentine volatiles are (R)-(+)-α-pinene, (S)-(-)-β-pinene, (S)-(+)-3-carene (the largest) which occupy more than 97% of the to...
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The volatile compositions of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) are analyzed. The main turpentine volatiles are (R)-(+)-α-pinene, (S)-(-)-β-pinene, (S)-(+)-3-carene (the largest) which occupy more than 97% of the total. There are also myrcene, (+)-limonene, camphene, terpinen and phellandrene. In the experiment of Electroantennograms(EAG), the male of red turpentine beetles are sensitive to (S)-(-)-α-pinene、limonene and (S)-(+)-3-carene; while the female of the red turpentine beetles are sensitive to (S)-(+)-3-carene、limonene、(S)-(-)-α-pinene and myrcene. The female are more sensitive to the volatiles than the male. There is much difference in response of Dendroctonus valens in Chinese pine compared to that in USA in ponderosa pine. The volatile difference of the two pine species and the environment condition may contribute to this change. Further study on the mechanism of the change is needed.
It is generally accepted that climate has changed greatly on a global scale, and that the earth＇s climate has already wanned by some degrees over the past century. Ample evidence shows that there have been apparent c...
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It is generally accepted that climate has changed greatly on a global scale, and that the earth＇s climate has already wanned by some degrees over the past century. Ample evidence shows that there have been apparent changes in avian population dynamics, life-history traits and geographic ranges in response to global climate change. This paper briefly reviews the possible effects of climate change on avian biology and ecology all over the world, with emphasis on new findings from several long-term studies in Europe and North America, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how long-term changes in climate affect birds at both individual and population levels. The implications of such long-term studies for future bird studies in China is discussed with hope that this review can contribute to the preparation and plan for studies of climatic effects on birds in China in the future.
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