A greatly diverse range of animals,including arachnids,centipedes,cone snails,reptiles,squid,and wasps,have evolved venoms for the purpose of predation or *** use of animal venoms for therapeutic purposes has been wel...
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A greatly diverse range of animals,including arachnids,centipedes,cone snails,reptiles,squid,and wasps,have evolved venoms for the purpose of predation or *** use of animal venoms for therapeutic purposes has been well established in Chinese,Indian,Greek and Middle Eastern cultures for *** venoms are complex cocktails composed of a great diversity of bioactive compounds including proteins,peptides,organic molecules and *** indicate that animal venoms also bear a great diversity of bioactivities,which is beneficial for the discovery of new substances of pharmacological *** are currently six FDA-approved drugs derived from venom peptides or proteins,with a further ten in clinical trials and many more in various stages of preclinical *** afflicts a fifth of the population;there is an urgent need for new analgesic drugs with minimal side ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are essential for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in excitable *** in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that VGSCs play a key role in neuropathic and inflammatory *** the nine subtypes of VGSCs identified to date and designated as Navl.1-1.9,Navl.3,1.7,1.8 and 1.9 play specialized roles in nociceptive pathways and are considered ideal targets for the development of analgesic *** identified two venom peptides from spider and snake venoms,*** could specifically inhibit Navl.7 and Navl.8,***,nanomolar application of both peptides by intramuscular injection could extenuate inflammatory pain on formalin test,abdominal constriction(writhing)test and the spinal nerve model,*** analgesic effects would compare favorably with that of morphine and didn't associate with obvious side effects even at20-folder higher ***,both peptides might be useful candidates for the development of analgesics.
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