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环境科学 2005年第6期26卷 1-7页

作者：贾丙瑞周广胜王风玉王玉辉中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室

基于静态箱式法连续2a的测定资料,比较分析了内蒙古典型羊草草原放牧与围栏样地土壤呼吸作用及其与各影响因子的关系.结果表明:①围栏内外土壤呼吸作用日、季动态差异不大,但围栏样地土壤呼吸速率明显高于放牧样地,其平均值分别是219.18... 详细信息

基于静态箱式法连续2a的测定资料,比较分析了内蒙古典型羊草草原放牧与围栏样地土壤呼吸作用及其与各影响因子的关系.结果表明:①围栏内外土壤呼吸作用日、季动态差异不大,但围栏样地土壤呼吸速率明显高于放牧样地,其平均值分别是219.18 mg.(m2.h)-1和111.27 mg.(m2.h)-1,围栏样地土壤呼吸作用的升高可能与地下生物量增加和土壤水分改善有关;②对影响土壤呼吸作用的因子分析表明,放牧使土壤水分和相对湿度的影响明显降低,而对气温、大气CO2浓度和光合有效辐射的影响并不大,且放牧使羊草净光合速率的影响明显增加,而对气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度影响不大;③围栏样地土壤呼吸作用与各影响因子的相关性从大到小依次为土壤水分、净光合速率、气温、相对湿度、大气CO2浓度、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和光合有效辐射,其中土壤水分和气温是影响土壤呼吸作用的主要环境因子,净光合速率是主要的生物因子.尽管放牧改变了土壤呼吸速率,但土壤呼吸作用各影响因子的排列顺序基本上没有改变,只是发生了量的变化.

关键词：放牧围栏羊草草原土壤呼吸作用影响因子

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中国生物多样性的生态地理区划

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Acta Botanica Sinica 1998年第4期40卷 370-382页

作者：倪健陈仲新董鸣陈旭东张新时中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室

生态地理区划是生物多样性研究的空间分异基础。以国际上的生态地理区划原则为依据，采用多元分析与地理信息系统等手段，利用各种生态地理因子，包括气候指标如与植物耐寒性有关的绝对最低温度、最冷月平均气温、最冷月日平均温度的最... 详细信息

生态地理区划是生物多样性研究的空间分异基础。以国际上的生态地理区划原则为依据，采用多元分析与地理信息系统等手段，利用各种生态地理因子，包括气候指标如与植物耐寒性有关的绝对最低温度、最冷月平均气温、最冷月日平均温度的最大值和最小值；与需热性有关的植物生长季积温；年降水量的季节分配，包括最冷月降水、最热月降水、年降水量、年降水的统计标准差和变异系数（年变率；植被指标如植被类型、植被区划类型、植被的净第一性生产力、植物区系类型、动物区系类型、植物特有属的丰富度以及度量植物多样性的植物种丰富度（属数、种数）；土壤指标如土壤类型，土壤理化性质如土壤酸碱度、土壤表层阳离子交换量等；地形和地貌特征如经度、纬度和海拔高度。利用模糊聚类的手段，综合进行了中国生物多样性的生态地理区划。采用四级区划，即：生物大区→生物亚区→生物群区→生物区。全国划分为５个生物大区，７个生物亚区和１８个生物群区：Ⅰ北方森林大区：ⅠＡ欧亚北方森林亚区：ⅠＡ１南泰加山地寒温针叶林，ⅠＡ２北亚针阔叶混交林。Ⅱ北方草原荒漠大区：ⅡＢ欧亚草原亚区：ⅡＢ１内亚温带禾草草原，ⅡＢ２黄土高原森林草原（灌木草原）；ⅡＣ亚非荒漠亚区：ⅡＣ１中亚温带荒漠，ⅡＣ２蒙古／?

关键词：生物多样性生态地理区划生物大区生物群区

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天山北部山地-绿洲-过渡带-荒漠系统的生态建设与可持续农业范式

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2001年第12期43卷 1294-1299页

作者：张新时中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室

天山北部的山盆系统由山地植被垂直带系统和荒漠盆地的同心环形 (地质地貌 )植被地带所构成。该系统包括 :山地、山前倾斜平原和古老冲积平原 3个“圈”和其下的高山带、山地森林草原带、低山荒漠带、砾石戈壁荒漠带、农业绿洲带、... 详细信息

天山北部的山盆系统由山地植被垂直带系统和荒漠盆地的同心环形 (地质地貌 )植被地带所构成。该系统包括 :山地、山前倾斜平原和古老冲积平原 3个“圈”和其下的高山带、山地森林草原带、低山荒漠带、砾石戈壁荒漠带、农业绿洲带、扇缘灌草带、冲积平原带、沙漠带和湖泊等 9个“带”。这些地带是干旱区最本质和弥足珍贵的自然资源的存在和作用方式 ,也是指导干旱区生态保育和土地利用的、不可违抗的大自然规律的宏观展现。在此基础上所提出的“山地绿洲过渡带荒漠生态生产范式”以山地和荒漠盆地的植被地带为框架 ,以贯穿和联系着这一系列环带的生物地球化学循环、生物地球物理过程和生物地球社会经济关系为驱动因素 ,建立起以可持续农业与生态保育为目的的。

关键词：绿洲绿洲-荒漠过渡带荒漠山盆系统可持续农业生态-生产范式天山北部山地生态建设

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九种沙生灌木水分关系参数的实验测定及生态意义

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Acta Botanica Sinica 1998年第7期40卷 657-664页

作者：董学军中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室

以压力容积（ＰＶ）技术测定了毛乌素沙地９种灌木的水分关系参数。结果表明，沙生及荒漠灌木水分关系参数有较大的变异性，并且有些参数对不同灌木的生态适应性具有一定的指示意义。两种荒漠灌木四合木（Ｔｅｔｒａｅｎａｍｏｎｇｏ... 详细信息

以压力容积（ＰＶ）技术测定了毛乌素沙地９种灌木的水分关系参数。结果表明，沙生及荒漠灌木水分关系参数有较大的变异性，并且有些参数对不同灌木的生态适应性具有一定的指示意义。两种荒漠灌木四合木（ＴｅｔｒａｅｎａｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＭａｘｉｍ．）及霸王（Ｚｙｇｏｐｈｙｌｕｍｘａｎｔｈｏｘｙｌｏｎ（Ｂｇｅ．）Ｍａｘｉｍ．）具有很强的干旱适应性，其它的多数沙生灌木则表现出多样的适应性。沙柳（ＳａｌｉｘｐｓａｍｍｏｐｈｉｌａＣ．ＷａｎｇｅｔＣｈ．Ｙ．Ｙａｎｇ）、油蒿（ＡｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｏｒｄｏｓｉｃａＫｒａｓｃｈ．）、中间锦鸡儿（ＣａｒａｇａｎａｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａＫｕａｎｇｅｔＨ．Ｃ．Ｆｕ）及沙冬青（Ａｍｍｏｐｉｐｔａｎｔｈｕｓｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃｕｓ（Ｍａｘｉｍ）ＣｈｅｎｇＦ．）在一些重要的参数上比较接近，它们的ψπ，ｐ处在－１．４～－２．４ＭＰａ之间，Ｖｐ／Ｖｏ处于６２％～７６％之间，然而其它３种沙生灌木沙地柏（ＳａｂｉｎａｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓＡｎｔ．）、蒙古岩黄芪（ＨｅｄｙｓａｒｕｍｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃｕｍＴｕｒｃｚ．）及籽蒿（ＡｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｓｐｈａｅｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌａＫｒａｓｃｈ．）在干旱适应性方面则表现出相当的特殊?

关键词：沙生灌木 PV技术水分关系干旱适应多样性

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鄂尔多斯高原沙地草地荒漠化景观现状的定量分析

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环境科学 2002年第1期23卷 87-91页

作者：陈玉福董鸣中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学开放研究实验室北京100093

基于相互垂直的2条5km长的样线的野外调查,分析了鄂尔多斯高原东南部地区沙地草地的景观现状.对2条样线上的斑块出现的频度的统计分析表明,该地区景观以小尺度斑块为主,有95%以上的斑块直径小于50m,平均斑块直径只有15m,但仍有较大面积... 详细信息

基于相互垂直的2条5km长的样线的野外调查,分析了鄂尔多斯高原东南部地区沙地草地的景观现状.对2条样线上的斑块出现的频度的统计分析表明,该地区景观以小尺度斑块为主,有95%以上的斑块直径小于50m,平均斑块直径只有15m,但仍有较大面积的流沙斑块存在.对沿样线的裸地百分比盖度的半方差分析揭示了该区域荒漠化景观依赖于空间尺度的环境异质性,所调查的沿样线裸地百分比盖度的分维,接近于2,说明其空间异质性主要集中在较小的尺度上.这说明该区景观较为稳定,但沙化面积有扩大的趋势.

关键词：荒漠化植被盖度半方差分形鄂尔多斯高原

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Variations in Composition and Water Use Efficiency of Plant Functional Groups Based on Their Water Ecological Groups in the Xilin River Basin

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2003年第10期45卷 1251-1260页

作者：陈世苹白永飞韩兴国中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室北京100093

Major plant species in the Xilin River Basin were grouped into six plant functional groups (PFGs) based on their water ecological groups: xerophytes, mesoxerophytes, xeromesophytes, mesophytes, hygromesophytes and hygrophytes. We surveyed the composition, delta(13)C values and proline concentration of PFGs in eight different plant communities along a soil moisture gradient. Results show that: (1) PFGs occurred variously in eight steppe communities with different soil moisture status. In wetter habitats, hygromesophytes and hygrophytes were more abundant and accounted for the majority of aboveground biomass, whereas xerophytes and mesoxerophytes became more conspicuous in dryer habitats; (2) the numerical order of the mean delta(13)C values of PFGs is as follows: xerophytes (-26.38parts per thousand) = mesoxerophytes (-26.51parts per thousand) > xeromesophytes (-27.02parts per thousand) > mesophytes (-27.56parts per thousand) = hygromesophytes and hygrophytes (-27.80parts per thousand); (3) xerophytes maintained relative higher delta(13)C values and water use efficiency (WUE) in habitats of different water availability, whereas delta(13)C values of xeromesophytes were more sensitive to change in soil water availability; (4) From xerophytes to hygrophytes, their proline content markedly increased. Significantly positive correlations existed between proline and biomass or delta(13)C values of different water ecological groups.

关键词： delta C-13 value water ecological groups soil moisture gradient water use efficiency proline leaf water content (LWC)

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Supporting of Potential Forage Production to the Herbivore-based Pastoral Farming Industry on the Loess Plateau

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2003年第10期45卷 1186-1194页

作者：王国宏张新时中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室北京100093

For the purpose of contributing to the establishment of optimized eco-productive paradigm, a new layout of land use of the Loess Plateau was carried out and the associated forage potential was estimated. Results indicated that the percentages of the area of grassland, woodland, basic farmland and orchard to the total productive land area were 44%, 22%, 20% and 14% respectively according to this new land use scenario. Based on the datasets of 197 counties in the Loess Plateau, the estimated forage potential would amount to 104 881 028 ton/a (hay), which can raise 104 881 028 productivity sheep unit/ a. According to the unchanged price in 1999, pastoral gross product value would amount to 52 440.51 million yuan RMB/a, which is as much as 5.3 times of that in 1999 and exceeds the agricultural gross product in 1999 by 14%. In addition, there are ca. 59% of counties whose mean pastoral product value per person would be more than 1 000 yuan RMB/a, while ca. 41% of counties whose mean pastoral product value per person would be less than 1 000 yuan RMB/a. On the other hand, the estimated agricultural gross product on the Loess Plateau would amount to 11 472 2.34 million yuan RMB/a and ca. 46% of the total would come from pastoral industry, 27% from orchid industry, 14% from forestry and 13% from farmland. From the perspective both ecologically and economically, this paper holds that the herbi-vore-based pastoral industry is a promising industry bolstering the ecological improvement and economical development on the Loess Plateau.

关键词： grassland forage potential pastoral industry the Loess Plateau

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Application of N: P Stoichiometry to Ecology Studies

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2003年第9期45卷 1009-1018页

作者：张丽霞白永飞韩兴国中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室北京100093

Stoichiometry has long been addressed in the studies of ecosystem ecology, but it was almost ignored for a long time. Until recently, ecologists have become aware that stoichiometry could provide a new tool to study ecology from genes to the biosphere. Among this trend, N:P stoichiometry is used actively in ecological interactions since nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most important elements in most ecosystems. This article reviews the application of N:P stoichiometry to the studies of ecological problems at different levels, including ecosystem, community and species. Meanwhile, we also provide the cellular basis of N:P stoichiometry, identify the shortages in the use of N:P stoichiometry theory, and put forward some perspectives for future research to be conducted.

关键词： trophic interaction trophic dynamics ecological interactions nutrient limitation

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Plant Traits and Soil Chemical Variables During a Secondary Vegetation Succession in Abandoned Fields on the Loess Plateau

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2002年第8期44卷 990-998页

作者：王国宏中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室北京100093

Species dynamics in terms of both plant biological traits, ecological strategies and species richness as well as soil chemical variables during a secondary succession in abandoned fields on the Loess Plateau along a temporal sere from 3 a to 149 a were studied. The results indicated that (I) Soil total C and N increased while soil pH, total K and Na decreased with years since abandonment. No noticeable trend was found in the case of soil P along the successional sere. On the other hand, total CaO of the surface layer (0 - 10 cm) decreased, but that of the two deeper layer, (20 - 30 cm, 40 - 50 cm) increased with years since abandonment. Soil C, N, K and P decreased, while Na, CaO and soil pH increased with increasing soil depth. (2) Species richness peaked at both mid-stage of the successional sere and the intermediate portion of soil chemical variables gradient. (3) An ideal dominant species in the early successional stage were annuals with stable seed pool, CR-life strategy, S-regeneration strategy, and strong competitive ability on relatively poor soil, while perennials capable of intensive lateral spread and colonal ability, requiring high nutrient supply, and having Clife strategy would be the dominant species in the subsequent stages. Plant traits, such as perennial-life history, C-, CR-, SC-, SR-, S- and R-life strategies, W-, S-, Bs- VBs- and V-regeneration strategies, were over- represented throughout the whole sere among the other species. (4) Some traits, such as C-, SC-life strategies, ability of clonality, perennial-life history, well-developed lateral spread ability, V- and VBs-regeneration strategies, seed animal. dispersal mode, flowering time of autumn, fruit types of legumen and nut, were more or less correlated with increased soil total C, N and K, while S-, SR-, R-, CR-life strategies, annual-, biannual-life history, non-clonal ability, S-regeneration strategy, poor lateral spread ability, and fruit types of utricle, capsule were associated with

关键词： abandoned fields plant trait soil chemical variable succession Loess Plateau

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Comparison of Major Nutrient Release Patterns of Quercus liaotungensis Leaf Litter Decomposition in Different Climatic Zones

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Acta Botanica Sinica 2003年第4期45卷 399-407页

作者：王立新王瑾黄建辉中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室北京100093

Leaf litter decomposition of liaotong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koize) under temperate, subtropical and tropical forests was examined using a litter bag technique. Decomposition rates and release dynamics of nutrients Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and P were observed separately at all three sites for I to 2 a periods. The leaf litter mass loss of liaotong oak was simulated with Olson's exponential model. Significant differences of leaf litter mass loss were found in forests of all three climate zones. Litter decomposition was accelerated with the increase of both annual mean precipitation and temperature. Our results agreed with other studies demonstrating that litter decomposition processes were greatly affected not only by soil organisms (including soil fauna and microorganisms), but also by chemical factors. These chemical factors were important for controlling the release of nutrients, especially elements of Fe and Mn. We also found that Fe and Mn content increased in semi-decayed leaf litter as litter mass decreased. This result was presumably due to chelating process which accumulated soil Fe and Mn ions into the decomposing litter. In conclusion, our study allowed us to determine the classification of the characteristics of different nutrient release patterns.

关键词： liaotong oak (Quercus liaotungensis) leaf litter decomposition temperate subtropics tropics

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