小肽分子是植物细胞分化、器官形成和生物防御的重要信号分子.通过分析大豆全基因组DNA序列,发现大量的基因编码小肽前体即小多肽分子.到目前为止,对这些小多肽分子的特征以及功能知之甚少.本文系统地分析了公共数据库中的大豆转录组数据,鉴定了212个在根瘤中增强表达的小多肽基因.其中79个基因属于38个多基因家族,而另外133个基因不属于任何基因家族.在38个基因家族中,有10个基因家族只出现在豆科植物中,另外28个也出现在模式植物拟南芥中.在大豆中,最大的一个基因家族是伤流诱导的小多肽(wound-induced small protein,WIP)基因家族,由38个成员组成,其中一半左右的基因在大豆固氮根瘤中增强表达.我们进一步分析了蒺藜苜蓿、百脉根、拟南芥和水稻中的WIP同源基因,发现部分基因也在根瘤中增强表达或者受病原菌诱导表达.二级结构分析显示,WIP小多肽前体均含有一个DUF3774结构域,其中包含2个跨膜疏水区域,多数分子具有N-端信号肽序列.我们选取了2个大豆WIP基因进行亚细胞定位分析,发现WIP小多肽定位于细胞膜上.有趣的是,34个大豆WIP基因成簇分布在3条染色体上,与目前发现的其他小多肽基因家族的分散分布(如CLE)完全不同.在6,12和13号染色体上分别分布有11,12和11个WIP基因.而在12号染色体上的WIP同源基因则位于13号染色体上,二者呈对应关系.而6号染色体上的WIP基因相互之间同源性最高,且只与12号染色体上的基因具有较高的同源性.因此,可以推测,在大豆基因组中WIP基因可能起源13号染色体,通过染色体复制扩散至12号染色体,再扩散到6号染色体.而在拟南芥和水稻基因组中,半数以上的WIP基因也分布在一条染色体上,且与大豆12和13号染色体上的WIP基因具有较高的同源性.因此,植物中WIP基因可能来源一个共同的祖先.
The asymmetric leaves2 ( as2) is a classical Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. mutant that shows leaf lobes and leaflet-like structures from the petioles of leaves. Genetic and molecular analyses have demonstrated that...
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The asymmetric leaves2 ( as2) is a classical Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. mutant that shows leaf lobes and leaflet-like structures from the petioles of leaves. Genetic and molecular analyses have demonstrated that the AS2 function is required for repression of meristem-related homeobox genes in leaves. In this study, we describe phenotypic characterizations of new as2 alleles that are in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) genetic background. In addition to the as2 phenotypes reported previously, the new as2 mutants have some leaves with petiole growth underneath the leaf blade, showing a lotus-leaf structure. More severe rosettes leaves of the as2 mutants form a filament-like structure, reflecting a loss of the adaxial-abaxial polarity in leaves. Among as2 mutants analyzed in different genetic backgrounds, only those that are in the Ler genetic background resulted in a high frequency of the lotus-leaf structure. We have isolated the AS2 gene by map-based gene cloning. The predicted AS2 protein contains a leucine-zipper motif, and its N-terminus shares high levels of sequence similarity to those of a group of predicted proteins with no known biological functions. AS2 transcripts were detected in leaves, flowers and fruits, but absent in stems, consistent with the mutant phenotypes.
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