本综述全面研究了无创通气(NIV)策略在管理新生儿呼吸衰竭方面的最新进展,指出呼吸衰竭是早产儿发病和死亡的主要原因。当前的NIV技术,包括持续气道正压通气(CPAP)、鼻间歇正压通气(NIPPV)和高频振荡通气(NHFOV),在减少有创机械通气(IMV)需求方面显示出显著的有效性。此外,最新的神经调节通气辅助(NAVA)和高流量鼻导管(HFNC)技术,以及联合NIV策略和新兴技术,进一步提高了呼吸支持效果。这些策略在临床实践中有效减少了支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的发病率,提高了新生儿的存活率,并改善了长期呼吸和神经发育结果。然而,NIV技术仍面临设备相关并发症、失败的预测因素以及大量培训的挑战。未来的研究方向应包括个性化医疗方法、新技术的开发和全球合作,以优化NIV策略并改善新生儿护理结果。This review comprehensively examines recent advances in noninvasive ventilation (NIV) strategies in the management of neonatal respiratory failure, indicating that respiratory failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Current NIV technologies, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and high- frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV), have shown significant effectiveness in reducing the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) sex. In addition, the latest neuroregulated ventilatory assist (NAVA) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) technologies, as well as combined NIV strategies and emerging technologies, further improve respiratory support. These strategies have been effective in clinical practice in reducing the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), increasing neonatal survival, and improving long-term respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, NIV technology still faces challenges with device-related complications, predictors of failure, and extensive training. Future research directions should include personalized medical approaches, the development of new technologies, and global collaborations to optimize NIV strategies and improve neonatal care outcomes.
1型糖尿病是儿童常见慢性疾病,发病率逐年增长,且呈低龄化趋势。良好的自我管理行为可以有效控制血糖,但目前1型糖尿病患儿血糖自我管理结局欠佳。本文将从糖尿病的疾病监测、用药管理、日常生活管理、情绪管理和影响糖尿病自我管理的个体因素、家庭因素、社会因素等方面对1型糖尿病患儿自我管理相关研究进展进行综述,以期为开展1型糖尿病患儿自我管理相关研究提供参考。Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease in children, with an increasing incidence year by year and a trend toward younger age. Good self-management behaviors can effectively control blood glucose, but the current outcome of blood glucose self-management in children with type 1 diabetes is poor. In this paper, we will review the research progress related to the self-management of children with type 1 diabetes from the aspects of disease monitoring, medication management, daily life management, emotion management, and individual, family and social factors affecting the self-management of diabetes, in order to provide a reference for the development of research related to self-management of children with type 1 diabetes.
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