The Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the common cognitive disorders in the elderly. AD shares some similar pathological characters with diabetes mellitus (DM), suggesting potential application of anti-diabetic ...
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The Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the common cognitive disorders in the elderly. AD shares some similar pathological characters with diabetes mellitus (DM), suggesting potential application of anti-diabetic agents, such as vanadyl complexes, in therapeutic treatment of AD. In the present work, we studied the effects of vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO(acac)2) and cinnamaldehyde (CA) on an AD model based on SH-SY5Y neural cells. The experimental results showed that VO(acac)2 at sub-micromolar concentrations could improve the viability of neural cells with or without increased β-amyloid (Aβ) burden; and the combination of VO(acac)2 and CA showed an additive cell protection effects. Further investigation revealed that for SH-SY5Y neural cells, VO(acac)2 could activate PPART-AMPK signal transduction and inhibit GSK 3β, one of the major kinases for Tau hyperphosphorylation. Meanwhile, CA could correct the abnormal mitochondrial morphology due to Aβ-induced excessive mitochondrial fission, thus restoring/enhancing the mitochondrial function. In addition, both VO(acac)2 and CA decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and inhibited formation of toxic Aβ oligomers. Overall, VO(acac)2 might work with CA in improving the neural cell viability under the Aβ burden, suggesting application of vanadium metallodrugs in AD treatment.
CC chemokine receptor 4(CCR4) is a G-protein-coupled receptor which plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation. In the present study, three extracellular loops(EL1-3) of CCR4 were synthesized, and the interacti...
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CC chemokine receptor 4(CCR4) is a G-protein-coupled receptor which plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation. In the present study, three extracellular loops(EL1-3) of CCR4 were synthesized, and the interactions between the extracellular loops and compound S009 were investigated using capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE). Both qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the compound-peptide binding were carried out. The experimental data indicated that compound S009 exhibited interactions with EL3, and a binding constant of(12.5±0.19)×10^4 M^-1 was determined using the Scatchard plot. Our study identified the specific domains of CCR4 that could be targeted by small molecules and provided insights for the discovery of novel CCR4 antagonists.
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