The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guid...
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The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guided by a developed fingerprint. Twelve compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside（1）, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（2）, rutin（3）, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside（4）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside（5）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（6）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 6,7-di-O-β-D-glucoside（7）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-Drutinoside（8）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6-di-O-β-D-glucosyl 7-O-β-D-glucuronide（9）, isosafflomin C（10）, safflomin C（11） and hydroxysafflor yellow A（12） by spectroscopic analysis and comparing with the literature. Our results demonstrated that preparative pressurized liquid chromatography combined with HPLC fingerprint guide is an efficient tool to isolate the target compounds quickly.
A series of polysubstituted tetrahydropyrimidines were synthesized in moderate to good yields via a one-pot, four-component reaction of an alkyne, formaldehyde, and amines in solid media acidic Al2O3. The advantages o...
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A series of polysubstituted tetrahydropyrimidines were synthesized in moderate to good yields via a one-pot, four-component reaction of an alkyne, formaldehyde, and amines in solid media acidic Al2O3. The advantages of this protocol include mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and environmentally friendly reaction media.
ATP-binding cassette（ABC） transporter multidrug resistance protein 4（MRP4, ABCC4） is involved in multidrug resistance（MDR）, which is an increasing challenge to the treatment of cancers and infections. MRP4 is ov...
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ATP-binding cassette（ABC） transporter multidrug resistance protein 4（MRP4, ABCC4） is involved in multidrug resistance（MDR）, which is an increasing challenge to the treatment of cancers and infections. MRP4 is overexpressed in several types of cancers, and MRP4 inhibition shows striking effects against cancer progression and drug resistance. However, the structural knowledge of this protein remains unclear due to lack of an MRP4 X-ray structure, and homology modeling approach is an effective way to obtain three-dimensional structure of MRP4. We constructed three molecular models of human MRP4 mainly based on the inward facing Caenorhabditis elegans P-glycoprotein（P-gp）, the Thermotoga maritima heterodimeric ABC transporter TM287-TM288（TM287/288） and the outward facing Staphylococcus aureus Sav1866 crystal structures, which represented substrate uptake, transport and release state, respectively. The structures were further energy minimized and optimized by molecular dynamic simulations（MDS）. All the models were validated by various tools and servers, and the results showed that the quality of the models was reasonable and acceptable. These MRP4 models could be used as working tools for experimental studies on the structure and functions of MRP4 and designing more specific membrane transport modulating agents（MTMA）.
Environmental and lifestyle factors together account for the dramatic increase of type 2 diabetes in the past decades, in which defective insulin secretion emerges as the major culprit. Glucagon-like peptide l （GLP-1...
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Environmental and lifestyle factors together account for the dramatic increase of type 2 diabetes in the past decades, in which defective insulin secretion emerges as the major culprit. Glucagon-like peptide l （GLP-1） is a peptide secreted from the intestine in response to nutrient ingestion, and plays an essential role in the regulation of blood glucose level by stimulating glucoses-dependent insulin secretion. Recently, GLP-1 develops to be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, by means of GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Stemmed fi^om its potent physiological activities, GLP-1-based therapies are clinically efficient and safe for both early and late stages of the disease, with low risk of adverse events. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of GLP-1 biology and the recent development of GLP-1-based antidiabetic therapy are summarized.
保元汤作为临床上广泛用于冠心病气虚血瘀兼阳虚证治疗的经典名方,其药效物质基础和作用机制迄今尚缺乏系统研究。为了阐明保元汤的活性物质基础及其作用机制,该文采用氧糖剥夺/复氧(OGD/R)诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤模型,对保元汤及其所含单体化合物进行心肌保护活性筛选;之后采用Pub Chem's Bio Assay database对具有活性的单体化合物进行生物靶标预测,并将预测的生物靶标进行归类整理,分析保元汤中活性成分与生物靶标之间的内在联系。结果发现保元汤水提物及其中17个单体化合物能够显著提高OGD/R诱导的H9c2心肌细胞存活率;虚拟靶标筛选研究结果显示,15个活性单体化合物与心肌保护相关的潜在作用机制主要涉及调控氧化应激通路、钙离子通路、线粒体保护、抗细胞凋亡等。该研究结果验证了保元汤具有心肌保护作用,并且阐明其保护作用是通过多成分、多靶点的网络调控作用实现的。该文研究结果为临床上保元汤用于冠心病的治疗提供了理论依据和参考。
Chemical constituents of the leaves of Artemisia argyi were investigated. By using a variety of chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods, six compounds were isolated and identified as follows： clemaphenol...
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Chemical constituents of the leaves of Artemisia argyi were investigated. By using a variety of chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods, six compounds were isolated and identified as follows： clemaphenol A （1）, aurantiamide acetate （2）, camelliagenin A （3）, japonica acid （4）, labd-13（E）-ene-8α,15-diol （5）, and 313-acetoxy-20-oxo-21-nordammaran-23-oic acid （6）. Among these products, compounds 1 and 3-6 were obtained from the genus Artemisia for the first time and compound 2 was firstly reported from the species. Additionally, compound 5 displayed an inhibitory effect against the lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced nitric oxide （NO） production in BV-2 microglial cells with an IC50 value of 6.68 μM.
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