Objective] This study was conducted to discuss growth characteristics and partial production and quality characters of different varieties, so as to provide can-didates for tobacco production as wel as a theoretical b...
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Objective] This study was conducted to discuss growth characteristics and partial production and quality characters of different varieties, so as to provide can-didates for tobacco production as wel as a theoretical basis for variety deployment in Guizhou. [Method] ‘K326’ was used as control, the experiment for variance analysis of growth characteristics and partial production and quality characters of dif-ferent tobacco varieties was carried out in Fengsan Town, Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province in 2015. [Result] GY8 grew faster in early stages and slower in late stages, the growth periods of GY2 (130 d) and GY5(129 d) were the longest, while those of Yun85 (121 d) and Yun87 (121 d) were the shortest; and GY2, GY5 and GY8 had larger plant heights, maximum leaf widths and maximum leaf areas, and Yun85, Yun87 and K326 showed larger stem girths and maximum leaf lengths. Yun87 exhibited lower natural incidences of diseases, while Yun85 and GY8 showed higher incidences of diseases. GY2, GY5 and GY8 had higher nicotine, total nitro-gen, K and Cl contents, while Yun85, Yun87 and K326 had higher total sugar and reducing sugar contents and higher total sugar/nicotine ratio. Yun85 and Yun87 showed better economic characters, while GY5 and GY8 showed poorer economic characters. [Conclusion] Yun85 and Yun87 have quality characters better than GY2 and GY8, field natural incidences of diseases lower than GY2 and GY8, and better economic characters, and thus could serve as candidates in future flue-cured tobac-co production in Guizhou.
【研究背景】棉铃是构成棉花产量和纤维品质的基础,评价纤维品质的主要指标包括纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值。棉铃生长发育除受品种的遗传特性影响外,还受花铃期的温度、光照等气象因素的影响。气象因子是影响棉花纤维品质的重要生态因子,对纤维品质的形成和最终品质有重要影响。影响纤维品质各指标的气象因子不尽相同。棉花花铃期较长,不同开花期或成熟期棉铃纤维品质差异较大,前人研究主要局限于棉株内围果节,缺乏整体性。本研究通过分期播种形成花铃期不同的温光条件,棉铃按圆锥体分类,研究棉花不同圆锥体纤维品质变化规律。【研究方法】大田试验于2010、2011年在南京农业大学牌楼试验站进行。供试土壤为黄棕壤土。选择低温敏感性差异明显的2个棉花品种(科棉1号:低温弱敏感性品种;苏棉15号:低温敏感性品种),采用分期播种方法形成棉铃发育期的低温条件,采用三个播种期(4月25日、5月25日和6月10日),其中4月25日为长江流域棉区适宜播种期。两年年试验均采用营养钵育苗,三叶一心时选取生长一致的壮苗移至大田。大田试验采取完全随机设计,行株距配置为0.80 m×0.25 m,3次重复。田间管理均按高产栽培要求进行。每小区定点标记10株棉花,自始花开始,每天挂牌标记当日花及棉株空间不同枝节部位,棉铃吐絮后,单铃分收并记录采收日期。将棉铃按圆锥体混样,轧花后用USTER HIV MF100仪器测定纤维品质。【结果】棉花纤维长度、比强度在不同品种间达到极显著水平,不同播种期间,纤维长度、马克隆值达到极显著水品,不同圆锥体间纤维长度达到极显著水平,比强度差异显著。品种和播种期间的互作效应未达到显著水平。通过对纤维品质的通径分析和逐步回归分析发现影响不同棉花品种不同圆锥体纤维品质的气象因子不尽相同。纤维长度受铃期、日照时数、平均日最高温、平均气温日较差、积温的影响,比强度受平均气温日较差、日相对热效应的影响,马克隆值受日照时数、平均气温日较差、有效积温、日相对热效应和累积辐热积的影响。【结论】纤维品质在品种的变异大于播种期、不同开花期的变异。不同温度敏感类型品种、不同圆锥体棉铃纤维品质受不同气象因子调控。
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