Artificial intelligence systems，machine learning improves system performance automatically from *** tools for intelligent data *** task category：supervised learning、partially supervised learning、reinforcement lear...
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Artificial intelligence systems，machine learning improves system performance automatically from *** tools for intelligent data *** task category：supervised learning、partially supervised learning、reinforcement learning、unsupervised learning.a typical formulation：value function approximation directly find the parameters of the ***/partially supervised *** learning=representation + evaluation + *** complex functions vs. gradient-based methods，relax to convex problems，convex loss functions are noise-sensitive [Long and Servedio, MLJ'OO]，convex regularizations are not consistent [Fan and Li, JASA'O1]，hard to be relaxed.
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