糖尿病是一种全球性健康问题,与骨质疏松症的发病风险增加密切相关。本综述深入探讨了糖尿病患者罹患骨质疏松症的相关机制,包括胰岛素缺乏、高胰岛素血症、高血糖水平、炎症因子和氧化应激等因素。并综述了骨密度(BMD)、生化标志物以及骨折预测模型(例如FRAX)、骨小梁评分等风险评估工具在糖尿病人群中的应用,讨论了部分降糖药物可能对骨骼健康产生的不利影响以及各种抗骨质疏松治疗策略在该特定患者群体中的有效性。Diabetes mellitus is a global health issue closely associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporosis. This review delves into the mechanisms by which diabetic patients develop osteoporosis, including the effects of insulin deficiency, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress on bone health. Additionally, it summarizes the application of risk assessment tools such as bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical markers, fracture prediction models (such as FRAX), and trabecular bone score (TBS) in the diabetic population. The review also discusses the potential adverse effects of certain antidiabetic medications on bone health and evaluates the effectiveness of various osteoporosis treatment strategies in this specific patient group.
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