神经系统是人体最为重要的系统之一,但高等哺乳动物神经损伤后,再生恢复能力很弱,尤其是中枢神经,因此如何高效精确地修复损伤神经,促进神经再生成为研究的焦点。基于静电纺丝技术制备的神经支架具有适合神经生长的特定物理、化学和生物学特性,可以有效调节神经元以及胶质细胞的行为,并支持神经再生。取向排列的静电纺丝纤维亚结构模拟了天然神经组织的定向特性。同时,在纤维支架表面进行形貌和化学修饰,可以显著改善细胞附着、增殖和分化,促进神经再生。本综述介绍了静电纺丝的基本原理、优点以及影响纤维形态的因素,如聚合物溶液性质、工艺参数和环境参数。探讨了静电纺丝技术在神经组织工程支架制备中的应用及其优化策略。讨论了神经导管壁厚和电纺纤维直径对神经再生的影响,概述了静电纺丝技术在周围神经和中枢神经再生中的应用。下一代的静电纺丝神经支架可与分子和药物治疗、细胞基因治疗相结合,同时开发术后干预方法,以缩短术后恢复时间。相信支架制造、修饰技术、材料科学、分子和细胞生物学的进一步发展也终将满足神经组织工程的需求。The nervous system is one of the most important systems in the human body. However, after nerve injury in higher mammals, the ability of regeneration and recovery is very weak, especially in the central nervous system. Therefore, how to repair damaged nerves efficiently and accurately and promote nerve regeneration has become the focus of research. Neural scaffolds prepared based on electrospinning technology have specific physical, chemical and biological characteristics suitable for nerve growth, which can effectively regulate the behavior of neurons and glial cells and support nerve regeneration. The aligned electrospinning fiber substructure simulates the directional characteristics of natural neural tissue. At the same time, the morphology and chemical modification on the surface of the fiber scaffold can significantly improve cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and promote nerve regeneration. This review introduces the basic principles and advantages of electrospinning and the factors affecting fiber morphology, such as polymer solution properties, process parameters and environmental parameters. The application of electrospinning technology in the preparation of nerve tissue engineering scaffolds and its optimization strategy were discussed. The effects of nerve conduit wall thickness and electrospinning fiber diameter on nerve regeneration were discussed, and the application of electrospinning technology in peripheral nerve and central nerve regeneration was summarized. The next generation of electrospinning
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