传统的Kemp消除反应可以通过氢氧化钾和三烷基胺等碱性物质,催化底物苯并异恶唑开环生成产物2-氰基苯酚.三十年来,Kemp消除反应一直被用作模式反应来设计或定向进化新型生物酶催化剂,从而揭示未知的酶催化机制的复杂性,增强对酶催化机制的理解.目前科研人员使用不同的蛋白作为骨架设计能够高效催化Kemp消除反应的人工酶.例如Hilvert及Mayo等基于人工酶HG3.17,设计获得了Kemp消除酶,可以催化5-硝基苯并异恶唑生成产物2-氰基-4-硝基苯酚.通过17轮定向进化获得的最终突变体展现出与天然酶相近的催化活性(k_(cat)/Km=230000 L mol^(-1)s^(-1);k_(cat)=700 s^(-1)).该研究不仅表明蛋白质工程可以进化出高效的生物酶,量子力学/分子力学(QM/MM)分析还揭示了突变体催化活性提高的分子机制.与酸碱催化的Kemp消除反应不同,最近Korendovych等报道以肌红蛋白作为骨架基于氧化还原机制的Kemp消除反应,通过开发一种独特的基于核磁共振(NMR)的蛋白质定向进化技术,快速鉴定出热点氨基酸位点并获得了高催化活性的人工酶突变体,其同样达到了天然酶的催化活性.此前我们研究(***.,2017,8,14876)发现,与传统的酸碱催化机制完全不同,细胞色素P450-BM3能够通过氧化还原的机制催化Kemp消除反应.本文继续以P450-BM3为蛋白骨架,对其进一步改进以提高催化活性.以P450-BM3突变体F87G(kcat=3.0s^(-1))为模板,借助双密码子(酪氨酸和赖氨酸,Y-K)饱和突变策略,对其活性中心的六个关键氨基酸位点进行组合突变,经过筛选获得了活性大幅度提高的三突变体F87G/L75Y/T438K(k_(cat)=27.4s^(-1)).为进一步解析其催化活性提高的分子机制,首先对该突变体与底物复合物的晶体结构进行了解析,结果发现底物在突变体活性口袋的构象与野生型P450-BM3完全不同,底物的硝基指向了Heme辅基.对其进行了QM/MM计算研究,发现Heme-Fe(II)首先将电子转移到底物并与硝基配位,随后,有效促进了底物N-O键还原裂解,并使生成的中间产物Heme-Fe(III)-NO_(2)和苯氧基阴离子更稳定,最后,通过键的旋转和质子转移生成产物2-氰基-4-硝基苯酚.由此可见,同一P450酶的不同突变体能够以两种不同的底物结合模式以及氧化还原机制来催化Kemp消除反应.综上,本文获得了P450酶催化Kemp消除反应构效关系和催化机制新的认识,为进一步改造该酶提高其催化活性提供借鉴.
Triplet-triplet energy transfer in fluorene dimer with electronic structure calculations. The two is investigated by combining rate theories key parameters for the control of energy transfer, electronic coupling and r...
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Triplet-triplet energy transfer in fluorene dimer with electronic structure calculations. The two is investigated by combining rate theories key parameters for the control of energy transfer, electronic coupling and reorganization energy, are calculated based on the diabatic states constructed by the constrained density functional theory. The fluctuation of the electronic coupling is further revealed by molecular dynamics simulation. Succeedingly, the diagonal and off-diagonal fluctuations of the Hamiltonian are mapped from the correlation functions of those parameters, and the rate is then estimated both from the perturbation theory and wavepacket diffusion method. The results manifest that both the static and dynamic fluctuations enhance the rate significantly, but the rate from the dynamic fluctuation is smaller than that from the static fluctuation.
Benzene dimer （bz2） is the simplest prototype of the π-π interactions. Such interactions are ubiquitous in diverse areas of science and molecular engineering. In the present work, we have made assessment on some m...
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Benzene dimer （bz2） is the simplest prototype of the π-π interactions. Such interactions are ubiquitous in diverse areas of science and molecular engineering. In the present work, we have made assessment on some modern density functional methods including B97-D, BLYP-D3, M06-2X, XYG3, and force field models including CHARMM, AMBER, MM3, AMOEBA on six important interaction modes of bz2. Our results not only highlight the usefulness of these cost-effective methods, which can be used as economic substitutes of the expensive CCSD（T） for complex real-world systems, but also indicate their weakness in the description of the π-π interactions, which points to the future direction for further improvements.
近年来,单原子催化剂(Single Atom Catalyst,简称SAC)由于具有较高的原子利用率和特殊的催化活性,在多相催化领域中引起了人们广泛的关注。但尺寸的减小使低配位金属原子的表面自由能增大,极易发生团聚,从而导致催化剂失活,因此SAC的制...
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近年来,单原子催化剂(Single Atom Catalyst,简称SAC)由于具有较高的原子利用率和特殊的催化活性,在多相催化领域中引起了人们广泛的关注。但尺寸的减小使低配位金属原子的表面自由能增大,极易发生团聚,从而导致催化剂失活,因此SAC的制备是当前的挑战性问题。目前通常采用共沉淀或浸渍法等使金属单原子直接嵌入金属或金属氧化物等载体骨架中,但对实验的条件不好把握。最近,郑南峰课题组通过光化学方法在TiO2表面嫁接乙二醇,进而使单原子Pd负载在表面上,在催化加氢反应中表现出较
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