树突状细胞(dendritic cells, DCs)是免疫系统专业的抗原呈递细胞(APC),标志性功能是启动T细胞激活抗原特异性免疫反应。DCs作为宿主免疫应答的关键细胞,在连接先天免疫和适应性免疫之间发挥关键的免疫调控作用。在肿瘤微环境(tumor microenviroment, TME)中,DCs识别肿瘤相关抗原(tumor associated antigen, TAA)是启动和维持有效T细胞介导的抗肿瘤应答的关键起始步骤。大量对肿瘤DCs生物学的研究揭示,由于TME的免疫抑制性及DCs亚群的可塑性,TME中DCs往往功能障碍,并且已经证明这些DCs在抗肿瘤免疫应答中协助肿瘤逃脱免疫监视,促进肿瘤生长。本文介绍DCs的个体生物学、亚群功能及其在TME中功能障碍的机制和可能的治疗靶点。Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system, with the characteristic function of initiating T cell activation of antigen-specific immune responses. DCs, as key cells in host immune response, play a crucial role in immune regulation by connecting innate and adaptive immunity. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), DCs recognize tumor-associated antigen (TAA), which is a key initiating step in initiating and maintaining effective T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. A large amount of research on the biology of tumor DCs has revealed that due to the immunosuppressive properties of TME and the plasticity of DC subpopulations, DCs in TME often function abnormally, and it has been proven that these DCs assist tumors in escaping immune surveillance and promoting tumor growth in anti-tumor immune responses. This article introduces the individual biology, subpopulation functions, and mechanisms of functional impairment of DCs in TME, as well as possible therapeutic targets.
现代医学研究发现,传统中药在促进造血方面取得了令人瞩目的进展,多种中药可通过多种复杂的机制发挥其促造血作用。在传统医学中,造血过程被认为与气血的生成相关。研究表明许多中药及其活性成分可通过保护及促进造血干细胞增殖及分化、调节造血微环境、调控造血生长因子、激活造血相关信号通路等方式发挥促造血作用,许多中药有望成为血液系统疾病治疗的良好制剂。文章综述了中药促造血机制,以及近年来研究发现具有促造血作用的补气药及补血药。中药活性成分的复杂性和多样性使得其机制的研究变得困难,中药的标准化和质量控制问题亟需解决。随着对中药活性成分的深入研究,越来越多的中药制剂被应用于临床造血功能障碍的治疗。总的来说,传统中药及其活性成分在造血过程中的研究正在不断深入,未来将展现出广阔的发展前景。Modern medical research has found that traditional Chinese medicine has made remarkable progress in promoting hematopoiesis, and a variety of traditional Chinese medicines can exert their hematopoietic effects through a variety of complex mechanisms. In traditional medicine, the hematopoietic process is thought to be associated with the production of Qi and blood. Studies have shown that many traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients can play a role in promoting hematopoiesis by protecting and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, regulating the hematopoietic microenvironment, regulating hematopoietic growth factors, and activating hematopoietic-related signaling pathways, and many TCMs are expected to become good preparations for the treatment of hematopoietic diseases. This article reviews the hematopoietic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as the Qi tonic drugs and blood tonic drugs that have been found to promote hematopoiesis in recent years. The complexity and diversity of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine make it difficult to study their mechanisms, and the standardization and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine needs to be solved urgently. With in-depth research on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, more and more traditional Chinese medicine preparations are used in the treatment of clinical hematopoietic dysfunction. In general, the research on traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients in the hematopoietic process is deepening, and it will show broad development prospects in the future.
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