Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), a rare autoimmune disease affecting multiple systems, is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis due to its diverse and complex clinical manifestations, which a...
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Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), a rare autoimmune disease affecting multiple systems, is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis due to its diverse and complex clinical manifestations, which affect the prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease, development of standardized treatment protocols, management of complications, and multidisciplinary team collaboration are crucial. The writing group of the Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, has comprehensively updated and revised the 2018 edition of the “Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis” based on the latest research findings. The revision adds etiology and pathogenesis, updates diagnosis and assessment, treatment, and prognosis, and compiles 13 recommendations. This revision aims to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of clinicians for EGPA, highlight the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in EGPA management, provide the most up-to-date guidance for clinical practice, and consequently improve treatment outcomes and patients′ quality of life. The recommendations are listed below. Recommendation 1: Patients with asthma, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and damage to other systems should be suspected of having EGPA (1, B). Recommendation 2: Patients suspected of having EGPA should undergo a full examination and assessment. ANCA testing should be performed in all such patients. If feasible, biopsy of the affected tissue is also recommended (1, B). Recommendation 3: The diagnosis of EGPA should be based on highly suggestive indicative clinical features, laboratory tests, imaging, and objective evidence of vasculitis. Differential diagnosis and multidisciplinary assessment are essential. The 1990 ACR or 2022 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for EGPA are recommended for diagnosis (1, B). Recommendation 4: All
目的探讨动态肺顺应性标化的机械功(Cdyn-MP)与机械通气患者撤机结局及预后的相关性。方法采用前瞻性观察性队列研究方法,选择2022年1月至2023年12月连云港市第一人民医院和连云港市第二人民医院重症监护病房(ICU)收治的有创机械通气(IMV)时间>24 h且使用T管通气策略进行撤机的患者作为研究对象。记录患者的基线资料、入ICU主要病因、首次自主呼吸试验(SBT)期间生命体征及实验室指标、SBT前4 h呼吸力学参数、撤机结局及预后指标。根据简化机械功(MP)公式计算MP和Cdyn-MP。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归法分析与机械通气患者撤机失败相关的独立危险因素;采用限制性三次样条(RCS)分析及Spearman秩和检验探讨Cdyn-MP与撤机结局及预后的相关性;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),通过ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评价Cdyn-MP对机械通气患者撤机结局的预测价值。结果最终共纳入IMV患者366例,其中撤机成功组243例,撤机失败组123例,其中有23例患者在首次SBT成功撤机后48 h内再次插管、无创通气或死亡。与撤机成功组相比,撤机失败组患者序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、SBT期间体温及呼吸频率(RR)、SBT前4 h呼吸力学参数〔通气频率、呼气末正压(PEEP)、平台压(Pplat)、吸气峰压(Ppeak)、动态驱动压(ΔPaw)、吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))、MP、Cdyn-MP〕水平均显著升高,动态肺顺应性(Cdyn)显著降低,IMV时间、ICU住院时间及总住院时间显著延长;而两组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、入ICU主要病因、SBT期间其他生命体征〔心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、外周血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))〕及实验室指标〔白细胞计数(WBC)、白蛋白(Alb)、血清肌酐(SCr)〕差异均无统计学意义。将单因素Logistic回归分析中P<0.05且与Cdyn-MP无多重共线性的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归模型分析,结果显示,SOFA评分〔优势比(OR)=1.081,95%可信区间(95%CI)为1.008~1.160,P=0.030〕及SBT前4 h PEEP(OR=1.191,95%CI为1.075~1.329,P=0.001)、FiO_(2)(OR=1.035,95%CI为1.006~1.068,P=0.021)和Cdyn-MP(OR=1.190,95%CI为1.086~1.309,P<0.001)为IMV患者撤机失败的独立危险因素。调整混杂因素后的RCS分析显示,随着SBT前4 h Cdyn-MP增加,IMV患者撤机失败的风险显著增加(P<0.001)。Spearman秩和检验显示,SBT前4 h Cdyn-MP与呼吸力学参数ΔPaw、MP均呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.773、0.865,均P<0.01),而与Cdyn呈显著负相关(r=-0.587,P<0.01);SBT前4 h Cdyn-MP与预后指标IMV时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间均呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.295、0.196、0.120,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,SBT前4 h Cdyn-MP、MP、Cdyn、ΔPaw对IMV患者撤机失败均有一定预测价值,以Cdyn-MP的预测能力更好(AUC=0.761,95%CI为0.712~0.810,P<0.001),当最佳截断值为408.5 J/min×cmH_(2)O/mL×10^(-3)时,敏感度为68.29%,特异度为71.19%。结论Cdyn-MP与机械通气患者的撤机结局及预后相关,对撤机失败具有较好的预测效能。
肺腺鳞癌(adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung, ASC)是一种罕见但又独特的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)特殊类型,具有恶性程度高、侵袭性强、预后差、治疗难度大等特点。随着对ASC发病机制的深入研究,不断有新的治疗策略被开发出来。目前对于...
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肺腺鳞癌(adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung, ASC)是一种罕见但又独特的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)特殊类型,具有恶性程度高、侵袭性强、预后差、治疗难度大等特点。随着对ASC发病机制的深入研究,不断有新的治疗策略被开发出来。目前对于ASC患者以铂为基础的双药化疗及针对EGFR、ALK等驱动基因突变的靶向治疗均取得了显著的疗效,此外,免疫治疗也为ASC患者带来了新的治疗选择。虽然现有的多种治疗手段为ASC提供了多样化的干预路径,患者的预后状况却依然不尽人意。因此,本综述将简要概述ASC患者的当前治疗现状,并结合最新临床研究进展,旨在为未来的治疗策略提供新的启示和方向。Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Lung (ASC), a unique and uncommon variant of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), is noted for its high degree of malignancy, aggressive invasiveness, unfavorable prognosis and the complexity of its treatment. With in-depth research into the pathogenesis of ASC, novel therapeutic strategies are continuously being developed. Currently, platinum-based doublet chemotherapy and targeted therapy directed at driver gene mutations such as EGFR and ALK have achieved significant therapeutic effects in patients with ASC. Additionally, immunotherapy has also brought new treatment options for patients with ASC. Despite the availability of various therapeutic approaches that provide diverse intervention pathways for ASC, the prognosis of patients remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, this review will briefly outline the current treatment status of ASC. By incorporating the latest clinical research advancements, this review aims to provide new insights and directions for future therapeutic strategies.
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