目的:针刺治疗对肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)患者的慢性腹痛具有良好疗效,然而,其神经生物学机制仍不清楚。本研究在电针缓解IBS模型大鼠慢性内脏痛敏基础上,观察和分析IBS大鼠脊髓背角中内脏反应神经元的兴奋性在针刺治疗前后的改变,探讨针刺缓解IBS模型大鼠慢性内脏痛敏的机制。方法:采用新生9d的Sprague-Dawley雄性幼鼠,通过结直肠机械扩张刺激制作IBS慢性内脏痛敏模型。饲养至6~8周后,观察大鼠由结直肠扩张诱发的腹部撤回反射(abdominal withdraw reflex,AWR)评分变化。电针组穴位取双侧"足三里"和"上巨虚",连续隔日治疗4次,假电针组不通电,其余与电针组同。治疗结束后,取材并用免疫组化方法观察各组大鼠脊髓背角中c-fos蛋白表达的变化。结果:与正常大鼠比较,IBS模型大鼠AWR评分明显升高(P<0.01),电针治疗后AWR评分明显降低(P<0.05);与正常大鼠相比,IBS模型大鼠脊髓L6-S2节段浅层(superficial laminae,SDH,laminaeⅠandⅡ)、固有层(nucleus proprius,NP,laminaeⅢandⅣ)、背角颈段 (neck of dorsal horn,NECK,laminae V and VI),以及T13-L2节段的NECK中,c-fos阳性神经元明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而电针治疗后IBS大鼠脊髓L6-S2节段SDH、NP、NECK以及T13-L2节段的NECK亚区中,c-fos阳性神经元明显下降(P<0.05);假电针对AWR评分、c-fos蛋白表达没有影响。结论:电针可以明显抑制IBS模型大鼠脊髓背角中内脏反应神经元异常增高的兴奋性,这可能是针刺缓解慢性内脏痛敏的机制之一。
Objective To assess whether quick cognitive screening test (QCST) could quickly identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods QCST and a full set of standardized neuropsychological tests, including mini-mental...
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Objective To assess whether quick cognitive screening test (QCST) could quickly identify mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods QCST and a full set of standardized neuropsychological tests, including mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were performed. A total number of 121 cases of MCI [41 cases of amnestic MCI-single domain (aMCI-s); 44 of amnestic MCI-multiple domain (aMCI-m); 36 of nonamnestic MCI (naMCI)], 79 cases of mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 186 healthy elderly volunteers were employed in the present study. All the participants (55-85 years old) had an educational level no less than 5 years. QCST subtests included word list recall, naming test, animal fluency test, similarity test, color trail-1min, clock drawing test, finger construction test, and digit span test. The total score of QCST was 90 points, 10 points for each index of subtests. Results The total scores of QCST in MCI, AD and the control groups were (58.13±8.18), (44.53±10.54) and (72.92±6.85) points, respectively. According to the educational level, the cut off scores of participants with an educational level of 5-8 years, 9-12 years and more than 13 years were 63, 65 and 68 points, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of QCST in detection of MCI were 87.6% (85.7% for aMCI-s, 90.1% for aMCI-m and 89.5% for naMCI) and 84.3%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.923 (95% CI: 0.892-0.953). Delayed memory, color trail-1min and similarity test could help distinguish between aMCI and naMCI. Conclusion QCST may have a good sensitivity and specificity for MCI detection, which warrants its further clinical application.
目的观察外源性视黄酸对斑马鱼心脏前后轴发育即心脏房室分化的影响。方法采用化学遗传学方法在斑马鱼胚胎发育至12.5hpf(hours post fertilization)给予5×10-8mol/L和10-7mol/L外源性视黄酸处理1.5h。应用胚胎整体原位杂交观察视...
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目的观察外源性视黄酸对斑马鱼心脏前后轴发育即心脏房室分化的影响。方法采用化学遗传学方法在斑马鱼胚胎发育至12.5hpf(hours post fertilization)给予5×10-8mol/L和10-7mol/L外源性视黄酸处理1.5h。应用胚胎整体原位杂交观察视黄酸对心脏特异基因vmhc,amhc,nkx2.5和nppa表达的影响。结果vmhc,amhc探针的整体原位杂交结果显示视黄酸处理会导致斑马鱼胚胎心脏的前后轴发育异常,表现为vmhc表达细胞的范围缩小,amhc表达细胞的范围明显增大。视黄酸可以明显增强nppa在心脏的表达。视黄酸对心脏房室分化的影响在48hpf后表现得明显。结论5×10-8mol/L和10-7mol/L视黄酸在12.5hpf处理斑马鱼胚胎对斑马鱼心脏早期发生没有影响。斑马鱼发育过程中,视黄酸对心脏的房室分化过程起着重要的调控作用,视黄酸支持心房的分化和发育,同时抑制心室发育。
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