急性胆囊炎通常是由于胆囊管阻塞以及结石对胆囊壁的刺激作用引起的,尽早地识别和手术是其首选的治疗方式,手术首选腹腔镜胆囊切除术,围术期适当的抗生素治疗可以减少术后并发症的发生,对于不能耐受手术的危重患者,在保守治疗后应尽早行手术治疗,保守治疗期间可行胆囊引流术(目前有经皮经肝胆囊引流、经皮经腹膜胆囊引流、内镜超声引导下胆囊引流、经内镜经乳头胆囊引流)。本文阐述了急性胆囊炎发病机制;综述了保守治疗,手术治疗方面的研究进展。Acute cholecystitis is usually caused by the cystic duct obstruction and gallbladder wall stimulated by stones. The preferred treatment is early identification and surgery as soon as possible, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred surgical method. Perioperative appropriate antibiotic treatment can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. For critical patients who cannot tolerate surgery, surgical treatment should be conducted as soon as possible after conservative treatment. Gall-bladder drainage is feasible during conservative treatment (currently with Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage, Percutaneous Transperitoneal Gallbladder Drainage, Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Gallbladder Drainage, Endoscopic Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage). This paper describes the pathogenesis of acute cholecystitis;it reviews the progress of conservative treatment and surgical treatment.
急性结石性胆囊炎(Acute Calculous Cholecystitis, ACC)是一种常见的急腹症,严重程度的准确评估对于治疗决策至关重要。目前对于急性结石性胆囊炎的诊断仍需要详细的病史、完整的临床检查和实验室检查相结合,没有单一的影像学和实验室指标能够明确诊断。碱性磷酸酶和谷氨酰转肽酶是常规的血生化指标,当急性结石性胆囊炎存在胆道梗阻时,胆汁排泄受阻,出现胆汁淤积及肝损伤时碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline Phosphatase, ALP)和谷氨酰转肽酶(Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, GGT)会出现升高,在预测急性结石性胆囊炎严重程度方面引起了关注。本文综述了ALP、GGT预测急性结石性胆囊炎严重程度的研究进展。Acute calculus cholecystitis is a common acute abdomen condition, and accurate assessment of severity is crucial for treatment decision-making. At present, the diagnosis of acute calculus cholecystitis still requires a combination of detailed medical history, complete clinical examination and laboratory examination, and there is no single imaging and laboratory index that can definitely diagnose it. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) are routine blood biochemical indicators. When acute calculus cholecystitis is accompanied by biliary obstruction, bile excretion is obstructed, resulting in cholestasis and liver injury, and alkaline phosphatase and glut-amine transferase will increase, which has attracted attention in predicting the severity of acute calculus cholecystitis. This article reviews the research progress of ALP and GGT in predicting the severity of acute calculus cholecystitis.
目的:探讨成人骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形患者的舌肌功能运动状况,观察舌功能运动对骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形骨性和牙性特征产生的影响。方法:选取2020年1月-2022年6月笔者医院口腔科的骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形患者89例,测量最适张口(Comfortable mouth opening,CMO)的切牙间距离、舌尖上抬至切牙乳头(Tongue tip extended to the incisive papilla,TIP)的切牙间距离、舌体吸附至腭部(Lingual-palatal suction,LPS)的切牙间距离,计算舌前部的活动度(Mobility of the anterior one-third of the tongue,TRMR-TIP=TIP/CMO),舌后部的活动度(Mobility of the posterior two-thirds of the tongue,TRMR-LPS=LPS/CMO),将舌活动度分为四级。通过头颅侧位片和模型分析测量骨性和牙性指标。比较各分级间舌功能活动度与骨性Ⅲ类错牙合畸形骨性和牙性特征的关系。结果:舌前后部活动度三级(低于平均水平)、四级(显著低于平均水平)的SNB、L1-MP比一级(显著高于平均水平)、二级(平均水平)大;舌前后部活动度一级、二级的Go-Gn-SN°比三级、四级大;舌后部活动度一级、二级的上颌尖牙间宽度、上颌磨牙间宽度、下颌尖牙间宽度比三级、四级大;舌后部活动度三级、四级的下颌磨牙间宽度比一级、二级大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:舌活动度越小,下颌前突越严重,下颌骨向后下旋转趋势越小,下前牙越唇倾。随着舌后部活动度减小,下颌磨牙间宽度增大,上颌尖牙和上颌磨牙间宽度、下颌尖牙间宽度减小。
目的探讨经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)后核因子(NF)-κB和炎性反应对兔VX2肝癌模型癌旁正常肝细胞的损伤作用。方法采用经典开腹穿刺注入瘤块法将VX2肝癌移植至70只健康新西兰大白兔肝脏内造模,接种后21 d CT、MR检查追踪肿瘤种植及生长情况。...
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目的探讨经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)后核因子(NF)-κB和炎性反应对兔VX2肝癌模型癌旁正常肝细胞的损伤作用。方法采用经典开腹穿刺注入瘤块法将VX2肝癌移植至70只健康新西兰大白兔肝脏内造模,接种后21 d CT、MR检查追踪肿瘤种植及生长情况。将60只造模成功兔随机分为TAE组(碘化油栓塞供血肝动脉)、造影组(仅肝动脉造影)和对照组(不作处理),每组20只。免疫组化法检测NF-κB在各组癌旁正常肝组织中表达,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-10在各组癌旁正常肝组织中水平。采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据作统计学分析,计量资料用t检验,计数资料用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果免疫组化检测显示,TAE组、造影组、对照组癌旁正常组织中NF-кB阳性表达率分别为75%(15/20)、35%(7/20)和20%(4/20)。ELISA检测显示,TAE组、造影组、对照组TNF-α水平分别为(11.72±0.65)ng/L、(9.60±0.31)ng/L、(8.82±0.81)ng/L;IL-10水平分别为(2.18±0.13)ng/L、(1.67±0.12)ng/L、(1.66±0.10)ng/L。与对照组和造影组相比,TAE组癌旁正常肝组织中NF-κB表达增加(P<0.05),TNF-α和IL-10水平升高(P<0.05)。结论 TAE术后肝功能损伤可能与NF-κB和炎性因子相互作用有关。
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