垂体催乳素腺瘤(prolactin-secreting adenoma, PRLoma)是最常见的功能性垂体腺瘤,约占成人垂体功能性腺瘤的40%,泌乳素微腺瘤较为常见,很少发展为大腺瘤,最大直径大于40 mm的泌乳素巨腺瘤并不常见。本文报道1例43岁男性患者,检查颅脑CT初次发现鼻咽部肿物时显示鼻咽区占位54 mm × 55 mm,已达到泌乳素巨腺瘤标准。本文针对催乳素瘤的诊断、鉴别及治疗策略进行文献回顾。Prolactin-secreting adenoma (PRLoma) is the most prevalent functional pituitary adenoma, accounting for approximately 40% of adult functional pituitary adenomas. Prolactin microadenomas are relatively common and rarely progress into large adenomas. Prolactin giant adenomas with a maximum diameter exceeding 40 mm are infrequent occurrences. In this paper, we present a case study of a 43-year-old male patient diagnosed with a nasopharyngeal mass measuring 54 mm × 55 mm through craniocranial CT scan, which fulfills the criteria for prolactin giant adenoma. This article provides an overview of the literature concerning the diagnosis, differentiation, and treatment of prolactinoma.
子宫内膜癌的发病年龄呈现出日益年轻化的趋势,该病症在临床表现上缺乏特异性,其症状往往与失调性子宫出血高度相似,这使得两者在初步诊断时容易相互混淆。对于患有多囊卵巢综合征的女性而言,如果同时合并子宫内膜癌,漏诊和误诊的风险会进一步增加。本文报道2例多囊卵巢综合征合并年轻子宫内膜癌患者,1例患者行宫腔镜切除病灶并联合孕激素治疗、醋酸甲羟孕酮联合二甲双胍治疗,另1例行腹腔镜下全子宫 + 双侧输卵管切除术,保留了卵巢功能。回顾性分析病例资料并复习相关文献,总结其临床特点、组织病理学表现、诊断、治疗及预后,以期提高临床对年轻型子宫内膜癌的警惕。In recent years, endometrial cancer is becoming younger and younger, and is similar to dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to the lack of specificity in clinical presentation. If endometrial cancer is combined with polycystic ovary syndrome, it is more likely to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. In this paper, we report two cases of polycystic ovary syndrome combined with endometrial cancer in young patients, one patient underwent hysteroscopic resection of the lesion and combined progesterone therapy, medroxyprogesterone acetate combined with metformin therapy, and the another underwent Laparoscopic total uterus + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which preserved the function of the ovaries. We retrospectively analyzed the case data and reviewed the relevant literature to summarize the clinical features, histopathological manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in order to increase clinical alertness to young endometrial cancer.
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