眩晕/头晕是常见的临床症状之一,尽管大多是由外周性病因所引起的,且预后较好,但血管性眩晕/头晕若不能及时诊治,往往会浪费患者的早期治疗时间并造成严重的后果。2022年《血管性眩晕和头晕诊断标准》以及2023年《中国脑血管病管理指南》的发布,为血管性眩晕/头晕的诊断、治疗提供了最新依据。本文拟从诊断标准、床旁检查、辅助检查及治疗四方面对血管性眩晕/头晕的最新进展进行阐述。Dizziness and vertigo are common clinical symptoms. Although most cases are caused by peripheral factors and have a good prognosis, vascular dizziness and vertigo, if not diagnosed and treated promptly, can often lead to wasted early treatment time for patients and cause serious consequences. The publication of the Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Dizziness and Vertigo in 2022 and the Chinese Guidelines for Cerebrovascular Disease Management in 2023 have provided the latest basis for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular dizziness and vertigo. This article aims to elaborate on the latest advances in vascular dizziness and vertigo from four aspects: diagnostic criteria, bedside examinations, auxiliary examinations, and treatment.
卒中后抑郁(PSD)是卒中患者中常见的神经心理障碍,其主要特征为持续的情绪和兴趣下降,并可降低患者在治疗过程中的依从性、主动性和积极性。PSD会导致康复效果差,影响日常生活,严重者甚至危及生命。尽管我们已对PSD的不利影响有了深入认识,但其确切的发病机制仍不明确,仍需进一步深入研究,以为临床PSD的预防和治疗提供参考。Post stroke depression (PSD) is a common neurological and psychological disorder among stroke patients, characterized by sustained emotional and interest decline, and can reduce patients’ compliance, initiative, and positivity during the treatment process. PSD can lead to poor rehabilitation outcomes, affect daily life, and in severe cases, even endanger life. Although we have gained a deeper understanding of the adverse effects of PSD, its exact pathogenesis is still unclear and further in-depth research is needed to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of PSD in clinical practice.
多发性硬化是神经内科的一种脱髓鞘疾病,其以反复无常的发作模式及纷繁复杂的临床症状,为患者带来了沉重的身心痛苦与负担。其中睡眠障碍是一种常见的且容易被忽视的致残性症状,发病率高,严重影响到患者的生活质量。本文对多发性硬化睡眠障碍的相关研究进展做一综述。Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in the field of neurology, characterized by its unpredictable relapsing pattern and a wide variety of clinical symptoms, which brings significant physical and mental suffering and burden to patients. Among these, sleep disorders are a common yet often overlooked disabling symptom with a high prevalence, severely affecting the quality of life of patients. This article provides a review of the research progress on sleep disorders associated with multiple sclerosis.
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