抗生素相关性腹泻(antibiotic-associated diarrhea, AAD)是使用抗生素治疗后的常见不良反应,儿童尤其常见,艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile, CD)是重要条件致病菌。由于抗生素在临床中被广泛使用,AAD的发病率呈上升趋势,延长了患儿的疾病治疗时长,增加了医疗费用。AAD发病机制复杂,肠道菌群失调是基本机制。AAD通常是自限性疾病,但少数可危及生命,合理规范治疗意义重大。本文将从抗生素应用、益生菌的使用、粪菌移植、活体生物药等西医治疗及单味中药及其活性成分、中药复方、中医外治法等中医治疗以及中西医结合治疗儿童AAD做一综述,以期为临床治疗儿童AAD提供一定的帮助。Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common adverse reaction after antibiotic treatment, especially in children. Clostridium difficile (CD) is an important opportunistic pathogen. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics in clinical practice, the incidence of AAD is on the rise, extending the duration of disease treatment for children and increasing medical costs. The pathogenesis of AAD is complex, and the basic mechanism is the imbalance of intestinal flora. AAD is usually a self-limiting disease, but a few can be life-threatening. Reasonable and standardized treatment is of great significance. In this paper, Western medicine treatments such as antibiotic application, the use of probiotics, fecal bacteria transplantation, living biological drugs and traditional Chinese medicine treatments including single traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients, compound traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine external treatment, as well as the combination of Chinese and Western medicine will be reviewed to treat AAD in children, in order to provide certain help for the clinical treatment of children’s AAD.
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