背景与目的:肝切除术作为肝血管瘤的重要治疗手段,已从传统的开腹手术逐渐转为腹腔镜手术和机器人辅助手术,但对于肝血管瘤,机器人辅助是否能比腹腔镜提供更好的治疗效果,目前尚未达成共识。因此,本研究评估和比较机器人辅助与腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤的临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性收集2021年2月—2024年7月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院肝胆胰外科因肝血管瘤行微创肝切除的184例手术患者的临床资料,其中,机器人组30例,腹腔镜组154例。使用患者基本情况、肿瘤特征、手术切除范围等基线资料对病例进行1∶2的倾向评分匹配法(PSM),比较PSM后两组的术中、术后相关指标。结果:按1∶2进行PSM后机器人组患者24例,腹腔镜组患者48例,两组术前指标平衡良好(受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.588)。机器人组的手术时间(138 min vs.168 min,P=0.024)和肝门阻断时间(25 min vs.45 min,P<0.001)明显短于腹腔镜组,术后第1、3天白蛋白水平均高于腹腔镜组,术后第1、3天转氨酶均低于腹腔镜组(均P<0.05),但机器人组住院费用高于腹腔镜组(74 746元vs.49 644元,P<0.001)。两组在术中出血量、术中输血率、中转开腹率、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率及并发症严重程度方面差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:对于适宜的肝血管瘤病例,机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术治疗是安全可行的,与传统腹腔镜相比,其缩短了手术时间及肝门阻断时间,减轻了手术对术后肝功能的影响,然而治疗费用也更高,需结合患者实际需求合理选用。
泌尿系结石是全球常见的泌尿系统疾病,经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy, PCNL)是治疗泌尿系结石常用的手术方式。出血是PCNL最常见的并发症之一,早期识别与PCNL出血相关的危险因素并及早对高危患者进行干预,对于提高PCNL的安全性至关重要。本文将对PCNL出血的影响因素进行综述。Urolithiasis is a common urinary system disease around the world. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common surgical method for the treatment of urolithiasis. Bleeding is one of the most common complications of PCNL, so early identification of risk factors for bleeding in PCNL and early intervention in high-risk patients are crucial to improving the safety of PCNL. This article will review the factors influencing bleeding of PCNL.
帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)是一种与年龄相关的进行性神经退行性疾病,其发生发展与多巴胺能神经元线粒体功能障碍有关,帕金森病的治疗干预目前仅限于对症治疗,主要是多巴胺能药物和脑深部电刺激术(DBS)。DBS靶点的选择是复杂的,需根据患者的运动性症状、非运动性症状综合考虑,为PD患者在DBS选择合适的目标靶点提供依据。现有DBS靶点的疗效有限,目前所使用的DBS靶点不能解决PD患者的所有症状,临床医生应当根据患者的临床症状来选择合适的DBS靶点。本文论述了PD的发病机制,总结了当前针对PD的脑深部电刺激治疗不同靶点的疗效情况,为PD患者选择合适的目标靶点提供依据,在获得最佳治疗的同时,减少副作用,提高患者的生存质量。Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, its occurrence and development are related to mitochondrial dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons. At present, the therapeutic intervention of Parkinson’s disease is limited to symptomatic treatment, mainly dopaminergic drugs and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The selection of the target of DBS is complicated, and it needs to be comprehensively considered according to the motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms of patients, so as to provide a basis for the selection of appropriate targets in DBS for patients with PD. The efficacy of existing DBS targets is limited, and the DBS targets currently used can not solve all the symptoms of patients with PD. Clinicians should choose the appropriate DBS targets according to the clinical symptoms of patients. This paper discusses the pathogenesis of PD, summarizes the current therapeutic effect of different targets of deep brain stimulation therapy for PD, and provides a basis for patients with PD to select suitable targets to reduce side effects while obtaining the best treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.
垂体神经内分泌肿瘤是一种常见的颅内肿瘤,治疗方式主要为经蝶或经颅垂体瘤切除术,对于手术治疗的患者,术后是否复发会影响患者后续治疗方案以及生存预后,其中侵入鞍上或鞍旁区域的PitNET由于术中难以完全切除,术后12%~58%的患者会出现复发(本文复发定义采用2019年中国复发性垂体腺瘤诊治专家共识中的定义:垂体腺瘤切除术后已消失的症状体征再次出现;内分泌指标达到缓解标准后再次升高;影像学检查再次出现肿瘤生长),即使瘤体被完全切除,10%~20%仍会在5~10年内复发。肿瘤的复发给患者带来经济和心理负担的同时降低了其生活质量。本文主要从影像学特征、病理学因素及其他因素三方面对术后PitNET复发的因素进行综述,以及对临床中PitNET的治疗方式提出个人建议,旨在为该病的临床治疗提供参考。Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor is a common intracranial tumor, and the treatment is mainly transsphenoidal or transcranial pituitary tumor resection. For patients undergoing surgical treatment, whether postoperative recurrence will affect the follow-up treatment plan and survival prognosis of the patients. Among them, the PitNET that invaded the suprasellar or parasellar area was difficult to be completely removed during surgery, and recurred in 12%~58% of patients after surgery. (In this paper, the definition of relapse was adopted in the expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of recurrent pituitary adenoma in China in 2019: symptoms and signs that had disappeared after pituitary adenoma resection reappeared;Endocrine indexes increased again after reaching the remission standard;Tumor growth reappears on imaging.) And even if the tumor is completely removed, 10%~20% will recur within 5 to 10 years. The recurrence of tumors brings financial and psychological burden to patients and reduces their quality of life. This article mainly reviews the factors of postoperative recurrence of PitNET from three aspects: imaging features, pathological factors and other factors, and puts forward personal suggestions on the clinical treatment of PitNET, aiming at providing references for the clinical treatment of this disease.
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