重症肺炎(Severe pneumonia, SP)是一种在重症监护病房(Intensive care unit, ICU)中常见的危急呼吸系统疾病。患者病情可以迅速恶化,发展为全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS),甚至发展为感染性休克,...
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重症肺炎(Severe pneumonia, SP)是一种在重症监护病房(Intensive care unit, ICU)中常见的危急呼吸系统疾病。患者病情可以迅速恶化,发展为全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS),甚至发展为感染性休克,导致血液循环严重衰竭和多脏器功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS),根据相关研究,重症肺炎的患者通常需要入住ICU进行全面监护和治疗,因为其死亡率较高,尤其是在老年人和有基础疾病的患者中更为显著。医务人员需要采取积极的治疗措施,包括抗生素治疗、呼吸支持、液体复苏等,以控制感染、减轻炎症反应,并防止并发症的发生。其中,病原菌的检测及抗生素的应用对于提高患者的生存率和改善预后至关重要。目前,重症肺炎的病原体正在发生变化,传统检测方法主要依赖标本染色、培养及生化反应等。尽管微生物培养被视为感染病原体检测的金标准,但对一些非典型病原菌和病毒的检测仍然耗时且难度较大,给临床诊断和治疗带来了挑战。随着各类检测技术的不断发展,临床上重症肺炎病原体的检测阳性率显著上升。本文旨在对ICU重症肺炎患者的病原体及其检测方法的最新进展进行综述。Severe pneumonia (SP) is a common acute and critical respiratory disease in intensive care unit (ICU), which can rapidly develop from local infection to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), It can even cause severe complications such as septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). According to relevant research, patients with severe pneumonia usually need to be admitted to the ICU for general care and treatment because of its high mortality, especially in the elderly and patients with underlying diseases more significant. Medical personnel need to take the initiative treatment measures, including antibiotic treatment, respiratory support, fluid resuscitation, etc., to control infection, reduce inflammatory reaction, and prevent complications of the Environmental Protection Department. The detection of pathogenic bacteria and the application of antibiotics are very important to improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients. Currently, severe pneumonia traditional detection methods mainly depend on specimen staining, culture and biochemical reaction, etc. Although microbial culture is regarded as the gold standard for the detection of infectious pathogens, the detection of some atypical pathogens and viruses is still time-consuming and difficult, posing challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. With the development of various detection techniques, the positive rate of pathogens in severe
目的探讨单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(monocyte-lymphocyte ratio,MLR)和重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)住院患者病死率之间的联系。方法从重症监护多参数智能监测Ⅲ数据库中提取临床数据,该数据库包含超过50000例住院患者的健康数...
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目的探讨单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(monocyte-lymphocyte ratio,MLR)和重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)住院患者病死率之间的联系。方法从重症监护多参数智能监测Ⅲ数据库中提取临床数据,该数据库包含超过50000例住院患者的健康数据。主要结局指标是30天病死率,次要结局指标是90天病死率。使用Cox比例风险模型分析MLR与ICU住院患者的全因病死率之间的关联,应用多变量分析控制相关混杂因素,并用局部加权回归散点平滑法查看二者之间的关系。结果研究共纳入7295例ICU住院患者。在主要结局指标30天病死率中,与MLR<0.23组相比,0.23≤MLR<0.47组患者的风险比与95%可信区间为1.28(1.01,1.61),MLR≥0.47组患者的风险比及95%可信区间为2.70(2.20,3.31)。通过在两种不同的模型进行校正后,风险比仍显著。由模型1校正后,0.23≤MLR<0.47组和MLR≥0.47组患者的风险比与95%可信区间分别为1.16(0.92,1.47)和2.27(1.85,2.78)。模型2校正后,0.23≤MLR<0.47组和MLR≥0.47组患者的风险比与95%可信区间分别为1.13(0.89,1.42)和2.05(1.67,2.52)。在次要指标90天病死率中观察到了同样的趋势。在合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病和卒中的患者中,MLR≥0.47组患者的30天死亡风险显著更高,分别为3.28(1.99,5.40)和3.20(1.56,6.56)。结论MLR是有前景的临床生物标志物,对重症患者30天和90天病死率具有预测意义。
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