1987年,Wargotz等研究者首次识别了16例具有一致特征的乳腺肿瘤病例。这些病例中的肿瘤细胞不仅极为罕见,而且独特地兼具纤维母细胞和平滑肌细胞的属性,因此被命名为“乳腺肌纤维母细胞瘤(myofibroblastoma, MFB)”。根据相关研究,MFB的典型表现为细胞形态温和,且由呈现肌纤维母细胞分化的梭形细胞构成。文献报道显示,在肌纤维母细胞瘤中,乳腺处的发病率仅为10%左右。截至2017年数据统计,国内所报道病例仅20余例。由于该肿瘤发病率极低,目前对其认识十分有限,且该病缺乏特异临床表现、影像学上存在差异、术前诊断较困难,极易引起误诊。本文报道了一例罕见的乳腺肌纤维母细胞瘤病例,从临床诊治角度出发,总结本次病例经验,提炼关键诊断线索,旨在加深临床医生对乳腺MFB的了解,对于避免误诊误治有重要意义。In 1987, Wargotz et al. identified for the first time 16 cases of breast tumors with consistent features. The tumor cells in these cases are not only extremely rare, but also uniquely possess both fibroblastocyte and smooth muscle cell properties, hence the name “myofibroblastoma (MFB)”. According to studies, MFBs typically appear to have mild cell morphology and consist of spindle-shaped cells that exhibit myofibroblast differentiation. Literature reports show that in myofibroblastoma, the incidence in the breast is only about 10%. As of 2017, only about 20 cases have been reported in China. Due to the extremely low incidence of this tumor, the current understanding of the disease is very limited, and the lack of specific clinical manifestations, differences in imaging, and difficulty in preoperative diagnosis can easily lead to misdiagnosis. From the perspective of clinical diagnosis and treatment, this article summarizes the experience of this case and extracts the key diagnostic clues, aiming to deepen clinicians’ understanding of breast MFB, which is of great significance to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
自身免疫性胃炎(autoimmune gastritis)又称A型胃炎,是一种主要以胃体萎缩为主要特征的CD4+ T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病。虽然其临床表现呈现多样化及非特异性,但近些年来我国AIG的发病率并不低。为增加临床医生对自身免疫性胃炎的认识及给临床医生提出诊疗疾病的目标和对策,本文将自身免疫性胃炎的流行病学、发生机理、临床表现、症状和治疗方式做了总结。 Autoimmune gastritis (AIG), also known as type A gastritis, is a CD4+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease mainly characterized by atrophy of the gastric body. Although its clinical manifestations are diverse and non-specific, the incidence of AIG in China has not been low in recent years. In order to raise the attention of clinicians to autoimmune gastritis and to provide clinicians with directions and strategies for diagnosis and treatment of this disease, this paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic progress of autoimmune gastritis.
急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)是一种严重影响人类健康相关的疾病,其拥有高发病率和高死亡率,并与吸烟、高脂饮食等不良生活习惯相关,人工智能(AI)比如机器学习(ML)和深度学习(DL),可以实现从临床及辅助检查尤其是成像学检查中提取特征数据,经过算法处理,得出可信结果。近几年AI更多地应用于医院系统的工作中,并成为临床工作及科研项目有力的帮手。本文全面综述了AI预测急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者在经过血管内治疗,尤其是经过血栓切除术治疗后的预后情况,从而实现精准有效的临床管理和护理决策。此外,本文还批判性地评估了现有研究的局限性,并且指出了新的研究方向,最终目标是提高AIS患者的生存率。Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious human health-related disease that is characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality rates. It is often linked to detrimental lifestyle behaviors, including smoking and high-fat dietary intake. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methodologies, facilitates the extraction and analysis of feature data derived from clinical and ancillary assessments, particularly imaging studies. These data are processed through sophisticated algorithms to yield reliable outcomes. In recent years, AI has been increasingly integrated into hospital systems, emerging as a formidable tool in both clinical practice and research initiatives. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of AI applications in predicting the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients following endovascular interventions, with a particular focus on thrombectomy procedures. The objective is to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of clinical management and care decision-making processes. Furthermore, the study critically examines the limitations inherent in current research and identifies prospective avenues for future investigation, ultimately aiming to improve the survival outcomes of AIS patients.
随着非侵入性美容技术的不断发展,聚焦超声在面部年轻化领域的应用引起广泛关注。聚焦超声通过精准聚焦超声能量,深入真皮和筋膜层,促进胶原蛋白的再生,从而有效改善皮肤松弛、下垂等老化问题。多项临床研究表明,聚焦超声在面部和颈部紧致、提升眉部等方面具有显著效果,并发症轻微且安全性高。该技术已逐步扩展至身体其他部位的应用,并与其他非侵入性疗法联合使用,提升整体疗效。临床应用中,单独使用或与其他美容技术联合治疗均能取得显著效果,且大部分患者仅出现轻微的短期副作用。随着技术的不断发展和量化检测工具的引入,聚焦超声在更多部位的应用潜力将得到进一步发掘。未来需要更多随机对照试验及长期随访研究,以优化治疗方案,提升疗效和患者满意度。As non-invasive cosmetic technologies continue to evolve, the application of focused ultrasound in facial rejuvenation has gained widespread attention. Focused ultrasound delivers precise energy deep into the dermis and fascia layers, stimulating collagen regeneration and effectively addressing skin laxity and sagging. Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated significant results in facial and neck tightening, brow lifting, and other areas, with minimal complications and high safety. The technology has gradually expanded to applications on other body areas and is often combined with other non-invasive treatments to enhance overall efficacy. In clinical practice, both standalone and combination treatments with other cosmetic technologies yield significant results, with most patients experiencing only mild, short-term side effects. As the technology advances and quantitative assessment tools are introduced, the potential for focused ultrasound in additional areas will be further explored. More randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up studies are needed in the future to optimize treatment protocols, improve outcomes, and increase patient satisfaction.
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