肥胖与众多生殖系统疾病密切相关,如月经不调、生殖细胞质量下降以及流产等。肥胖通过DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰以及非编码RNA表达等表观遗传学途径广泛影响卵母细胞和胚胎发育成熟的关键过程,这种影响不仅局限于胚胎发育阶段,还可能通过表观遗传修饰的跨代遗传对后代健康带来不良后果。本文对与母源肥胖导致卵母细胞质量下降相关的表观遗传学机制的研究进展进行综述,并联系已报道的相关机制提出干预标靶,以期改善表观遗传修饰对卵母细胞质量的消极影响。Obesity is closely associated with numerous reproductive system disorders, such as irregular menstruation, decreased germ cell quality, and miscarriages. Obesity broadly affects key processes in oocyte and embryo developmental maturation through epigenetic pathways, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression. This impact is not limited to the embryonic development stage but may also lead to adverse outcomes for offspring health through the transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic modifications. This article reviews the research progress on the epigenetic mechanisms related to decreased oocyte quality caused by maternal obesity and proposes intervention targets based on reported related mechanisms, aiming to mitigate the negative effects of epigenetic modifications on oocyte quality.
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