遗传多样性的精准鉴定是资源可持续利用的基础。我们利用松属的3个种的叶绿体基因组序列中的物种特有的535个单核苷酸多态位点作为分子性状首次编制分子鉴定检索表,供试样品得到成功鉴定。物种特有的单核苷酸多态位点的数量和核苷酸构成存在种间差异。马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb. (252)的特有单核苷酸多态位点的数量最多,随后依次是赤松P. densiflora Siebold & Zucc. (175)和黑松P. thunbergii Parl. (108)。马尾松的特有单核苷酸多态位点中,T的比例(29.37%)最高,随后依次是C (25.79%)、A (22.62%)和G (22.22%),G的比例最低,总体上差异较小。黑松的特有单核苷酸多态位点中,T (36.11%)的比例较C (12.96%)的比例高2.7倍,较G (20.37%)的比例高1.7倍;A (30.56%)的比例略低于T的比例,是G的1.5倍,是C的2.3倍。赤松的特有单核苷酸多态位点中,T (31.43%)和A (28.57%)的比例明显高于C (18.86%)或G (21.14%)的比例。结果显示,叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸多态位点信息,可用于松属植物资源遗传多样性的分子鉴定。调查了中国过去120多年来松属植物标本的采集和馆藏现状,讨论了存在的问题和对策。本研究对于松属植物的分类修订、种质资源的保护与利用具有重要价值。Accurate identification of genetic diversity is essential for sustainable utilization of plant resources. In this paper, 535 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the chloroplast genomes of 3 species from the genus Pinus L. were used as molecular traits to identify the plant genetic resource diversity of this plant genus and to compile a molecular classification key for the first time. There are differences in aspects of amount and base composition of SNPs among the species. The amount of SNPs in Pinus massoniana Lamb. (252) is the highest, being higher than that in P. densiflora Siebold & Zucc. (175) or P. thunbergii Parl. (108). In P. massoniana, the proportion of T (29.37%) is the highest, larger than that of C (25.79), and that of A (22.62%) or G (22.62%) is the lowest. In P. thunbergii, the proportion of T (36.11%) is 2.7 times that of C (12.96%), and 1.7 times that of G (20.37%). A (30.56%) is a little bit smaller than that of T, being 1.5 times that of G, and 2.3 times that of C. In P. densiflora, the proportion of T (31.43%) or A (28.57%) is significantly higher than that of C (18.86%) or G (21.14%). Our results indicated that single nucleotide polymorphism sites from the chloroplast genomes could be used for distinguishing different species successfully in the genus Pinus. The status of Pinus plant specimens collected in the past over 120 years in Chin
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