门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis, PVT)是肝硬化患者中的罕见并发症。肝硬化患者合并PVT可引起一系列并发症,通常指向肝硬化患者的不良预后。肝硬化患者并发PVT的机制涉及血流动力学因素、局部血管损伤、凝血功能变化、内皮功能障碍、炎症反应、肠道菌群失调、遗传因素、门静脉高压等方面。PVT的发生往往是隐匿的,探寻肝硬化合并PVT的机制有助于临床更好地诊断及治疗。现有的研究结果表明,PVT的形成是多因素共同作用的结果,其中门静脉高压和血流动力学因素是主要的驱动因素,而凝血功能变化、内皮功能障碍和炎症反应则是次要的促进因素。Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is an uncommon complication for patients with cirrhosis. PVT in patients with cirrhosis can lead to a number of complications, often pointing to a poor prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. The mechanism of PVT in cirrhotic patients involves hemodynamic factors, local vascular injury, changes in coagulation function, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory response, intestinal flora disorder, genetic factors, portal hypertension and so on. The occurrence of PVT is often hidden, and exploring the mechanism of cirrhosis complicated with PVT is helpful for better clinical diagnosis and treatment. The existing research findings indicate that the formation of PVT is the result of the combined effects of multiple factors, with portal hypertension and hemodynamic factors serving as the primary drivers, while changes in coagulation function, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses act as secondary contributing factors.
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