襄州区是全国产粮大区,也是湖北省小麦第一大主产区,常年小麦种植面积在10万公顷以上,总产量超过55万吨,单产和总产常年位居湖北省首位。襄州区小麦单产在2012年突破7500 kg/hm2,2020年突破9000 kg/hm2,2023年进一步突破10500 kg/hm2大关。在2024年襄阳市小麦高产竞赛活动中,襄州区小麦单产以10727.7 kg/hm2、9827.6 kg/hm2、9766.5 kg/hm2的成绩包揽前三名。尽管襄州小麦单产在湖北省内处于领先地位,但与河南、山东、河北等小麦生产强省相比仍存在较大差距。本文深入分析了影响襄州区小麦单产提升的主要因素,并针对制约小麦高产的关键因素提出了相应的解决措施。Xiangzhou District is a major grain production region in China and the largest wheat producing area in Hubei Province. The annual wheat planting area in Xiangzhou District covered more than 100,000 hectares, with a total yield of more than 550,000 tons, and both of planting area and total yield rank first in Hubei Province. The wheat yield per unit area in Xiangzhou District exceeded 7500 kg/hm2 in 2012, 9000 kg/hm2 in 2020, and 10,500 kg/hm2 in 2023. In the high-yield competition in Xiangyang City in 2024, Xiangzhou District created the high yield with 10727.7 kg/hm2, 9827.6 kg/hm2, and 9766.5 kg/hm2, which covered the top three places among all the counties in Xiangyang City. However, there is a significant gap in wheat yield per unit area between Xiangzhou District and other major wheat planting regions such as Henan, Shandong, and Hebei provinces. This article analyzes the main factors that limit the increase in wheat yield per unit area, and proposes solutions to increase wheat yield per unit area in Xiangzhou District.
新型农业经营主体是在完善家庭联产承包责任制的基础上,有文化、懂技术、会经营的职业农民或规模经营、集约化生产和有市场竞争力的农业经营组织。主要包括专业大户、家庭农场、农民专业合作社、农业龙头企业以及其他经营性农业社会化服务组织。它是农村经济发展的主力军,未来“三农”的新质生产力,在现代农业绿色高质量发展中发挥着重要作用,特别是在“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的乡村振兴建设中将成为中坚力量。本文通过查阅我国新型农业经营主体发展相关的大量文献,实地深入考察湖北利川部分专业大户、家庭农场、农民专业合作社、农业龙头企业等典型新型农业经营主体,调查了解全国及湖北利川新型农业经营主体的现状及发展历程,研究分析利川新型农业经营主体存在的主要矛盾及发展障碍,借鉴各地经验针对性提出了解决利川新型农业经营主体发展面临问题的对策与建议,为地方政府制定新型农业经营主体发展政策和措施可提供一定参考。The new type of agricultural management entity is based on the improvement of the household contract responsibility system, consisting of professional farmers or agricultural management organizations with cultural, technical, and operational skills, as well as large-scale operations, intensive production, and market competitiveness. Mainly including professional large-scale farmers, family farms, farmer professional cooperatives, agricultural leading enterprises, and other operational agricultural socialized service organizations. It is the main force of rural economic development and will play an important role in the green and high-quality development of modern agriculture as a new productive force for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers in the future. Especially in the rural revitalization construction of “prosperous industries, livable ecology, civilized rural customs, effective governance, and prosperous life”, it will become a backbone force. This article reviews a large number of literature related to the development of new agricultural management entities in China, and conducts in-depth field investigations of typical new agricultural management entities such as professional large-scale households, family farms, farmer professional cooperatives, and agricultural leading enterprises in Lichuan, Hubei. It investigates and understands the current situation and development process of new agricultural management entities in Lichuan, Hubei and China, studies and analyzes the main contradictions and development obstacles of new agricultural management entities in Lichu
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