矿岩运输是露天矿山重要的生产环节。矿山企业选用何种运输方式和运营方案对矿山企业生产运行成本的影响很大,而采用何种方法来进行方案比选,如何判定所选的运输方式是最合理、最经济的,是问题的研究方向。方案比选的方法不合理、比选的尺度不一致或比选的标准不科学,都会造成矿山企业管理的决策失误。运输方案比选常用的方法有多种,但每种方法都各有缺陷,定性比较法过于简单,有些定量比较则过于粗浅,仅从静态考虑方案的合理性,没有考虑资金时间价值,所比选出的方案不一定是最经济合理的。本文以某露天矿为例,采用贴现总成本法比选露天矿的运输方案。矿山企业现有四种运输方案备选:全汽车运输自营、全汽车运输外包、联合运输自营、联合运输外包。选用何种运输方式和运营方案,需要对几种备选方案进行技术经济比较。为了更便于方案比选,分别对两种运输方式、四种运营方案的投资和运营费用进行计算,算出每个方案20年内逐年的运营费用并贴现汇总,对贴现后的总成本进行比较,数值最低者即为最优方案。通过逐年成本贴现汇总,动态计算投入资金和运营成本,方案比选结果较其他比选方法更具经济合理性。Rock transportation is an important production process in open-pit mines. The choice of transportation mode and operation plan by mining enterprises has a significant impact on the production and operation costs of mining enterprises. The research direction of the problem is to determine which method to use for scheme comparison and how to determine the selected transportation mode as the most reasonable and economical. Unreasonable methods of scheme comparison, inconsistent scales of comparison, or unscientific standards of comparison can all lead to decision-making errors in mining enterprise management. There are various commonly used methods for comparing transportation plans, but each method has its own shortcomings. Qualitative comparison methods are too simple, while some quantitative comparisons are too shallow. They only consider the rationality of the plan from a static perspective, without considering the time value of funds. Therefore, the selected plan may not be the most economically reasonable. In this paper, taking a certain open-pit mine as an example, the discounted total cost method is used to compare the transportation plans of the open-pit mine. There are four transportation options available for mining enterprises: self-operation of all vehicle transportation, outsourcing of all vehicle transportation, self-operation of combined transportation, and outsourcing of combined transportation. The choice of transportation mode and operation plan requires a technical and economic comparison
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