糖尿病主要是由于胰岛素分泌不足或其生物作用受阻所致,是一种慢性、内分泌代谢性疾病。目前糖尿病还无法完全治愈,临床上主要采用对糖尿病患者血糖进行严格管控的治疗手段,从而保证患者的血糖浓度处于正常范围。因此,对糖尿病的临床诊断、对病人的个体血糖监测进行精确检测和动态监测是十分必要的。虽然传统的葡萄糖检测方法如酶电极法已经成熟,但成本高、稳定性差等缺陷也日益显现。由于过渡金属纳米材料具有优异的催化性能、较高的表面积和较好的生物相容性等优点,因此随着纳米技术的发展,近年来在葡萄糖检测方面的应用前景更为广泛。本文还对基于过渡金属纳米材料的葡萄糖传感器的最新研究进展进行了综述,对其传感原理和检测性能进行了探讨,并对其在糖尿病管理及相关领域的研究提供了有益参考,对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, endocrine-metabolic disease caused mainly by insufficient insulin secretion or obstruction of its biological action. Currently, diabetes cannot be completely cured, and the main clinical means of treatment is to strictly control the blood glucose of diabetic patients, so as to ensure that the patients’ blood glucose concentration is in the normal range. Therefore, accurate detection and dynamic monitoring of the clinical diagnosis of diabetes and individual patient glucose monitoring are essential. Although traditional glucose detection methods such as enzyme electrode method have matured, defects such as high cost and poor stability are becoming increasingly apparent. Since transition metal nanomaterials have the advantages of excellent catalytic properties, high surface area and good biocompatibility, they have been more widely used in glucose detection in recent years with the development of nanotechnology. This paper also reviews the latest research progress of glucose sensors based on transition metal nanomaterials, discusses their sensing principle and detection performance, and provides useful references for their research in diabetes management and related fields, and looks forward to the future development trend.
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