肺腺癌(LUAD)是非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的主要类型,其病理分级对于评估肿瘤侵袭性和预后至关重要。不同病理级别的LUAD在基因表达、TP53基因突变、转录因子FOSB、循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)以及外周血炎症因子等生物标志物表达上存在显著差异,可预测病理分级。因此,确定可靠的病理分级预测的生物标志物对治疗方案的选择至关重要。本文围绕LUAD病理分级预测相关的生物标志物进行综述,以期制定个体化治疗方案、改善预后。Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its pathological grading is crucial for assessing tumor aggressiveness and prognosis. LUADs of different pathological grades exhibit significant differences in the expression of biomarkers such as gene expression, TP53 gene mutations, transcription factor FOSB, circulating tumor cells (CTC), and peripheral blood inflammatory factors, which can predict pathological grading. Therefore, identifying reliable biomarkers for predicting pathological grading is essential for selecting appropriate treatment regimens. This review focuses on biomarkers related to LUAD pathological grading prediction, aiming to facilitate the development of individualized treatment plans and improve prognosis.
肺癌是目前发病率和死亡率居首位的恶性肿瘤,对肺癌进行早期诊断是降低死亡率的关键。早期肺癌主要表现为肺结节,目前肺结节的检出率越来越高,而其中实性肺结节是检出最多的结节类型,对实性肺结节进行良恶性鉴别是重点。本文综述了实性肺结节的影像学及临床危险因素。影像学表现如结节大小、形态、边缘特征及生长速度,结合患者的年龄、吸烟史、家族史等临床信息,有助于评估实性肺结节的良恶性。Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rate, and early diagnosis of lung cancer is the key to reducing the mortality rate. Early lung cancer is mainly manifested as lung nodules, and the detection rate of lung nodules is getting higher and higher, among which solid lung nodules are the most frequently detected nodule type, and it is important to differentiate the benign and malignant nature of solid lung nodules. This article reviews the imaging and clinical risk factors of solid lung nodules. Imaging manifestations such as nodule size, morphology, margin characteristics, and growth rate, combined with clinical information such as the patient’s age, smoking history, and family history, are helpful in assessing the benign or malignant nature of solid lung nodules.
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