目的:探讨胰腺超声弹性参数与2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能的相关性。方法:选取2022年3月—9月空军军医大学第二附属医院收治的2型糖尿病患者153例为研究组,选取同期健康体检人群153名为对照组。纳入对象均行超声剪切波弹性成像检查,比较两组胰体和胰头弹性定量参数。比较两组胰岛功能相关实验室指标,包括空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、餐后2 h血糖、胃泌素、胰高血糖素、空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽、空腹胰岛素和餐后2 h胰岛素水平。观察胰腺超声剪切波弹性参数与2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能的相关性。结果:研究组的胰体和胰头剪切波速度(SWV)均高于对照组,研究组空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、餐后2 h血糖含量、胃泌素、胰高血糖素均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽、空腹胰岛素、餐后2 h胰岛素水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胰头的SWV值与空腹C肽呈负相关(r=-0.369,P<0.05),胰体的SWV值与空腹C肽呈负相关(r=-0.458,P<0.05)。结论:对胰腺进行超声剪切波弹性成像检查,有助于对2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能进行实时观察,有一定的临床应用价值。
目的研究病案思维导图联合构思-设计-实施-运作(CDIO)教学模式在老年医学临床医师规范化培训中的应用效果,为持续性改进老年医学规范化培训质量探寻更有效的教学方法。方法选择2023年1月1日—2023年12月31日期间在某院老年医学科接受规范化培训的80例临床医师。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行简单排序随机化分为2组各40例。对照组接受传统教学模式培训,观察组接受病案思维导图联合CDIO教学模式进行培训。采用t检验和χ^(2)检验对比2组教学培训效果,并评价教学满意度。结果观察组理论考核成绩(91.65±3.22 vs 84.46±3.57)分、实践考核成绩(95.32±3.38 vs 87.61±3.50)分、病案分析能力(85.2±8.3 vs 79.4±7.6)分、自我效能评价(36.64±3.21 vs 30.57±3.47)分及自主学习能力(132.15±9.03 vs 127.43±9.15)分和评判性思维能力(294.37±11.64 vs 283.48±10.76)分,均高于对照组(t=-10.022分~-2.322,均P<0.05)。观察组的教学能力(23.14±1.22 vs 19.39±1.17)分、教学质量(24.47±0.63 vs 20.62±1.25)分、教学效果(28.16±1.42 vs 24.40±1.31)分的满意度高于对照组(t=-17.395~-1.787,P<0.05)。结论病案思维导图联合CDIO教学模式不仅能够提高老年医学临床医师的综合能力,还能提高教学满意度,应用效果良好,值得推广应用。
伴随人口老龄化,心血管疾病发病率逐年增长,接受心脏外科手术的患者日益增加。谵妄,是心脏手术后常见的并发症,其发生率高、住院及ICU停留时间延长、死亡率高,给患者和家属带来沉重的负担,因此越来越受到麻醉、外科、ICU及护理等多学科的广泛重视。现代麻醉学,正在向围术期医学迈进,麻醉医生需承担术前、术中及术后多重角色。本文从麻醉学角度对心脏术后谵妄最新定义及其研究进展进行探讨,为广大麻醉医师预防/减少心脏术后谵妄的发生做好术前准备、术中防范和术后镇痛等工作提供更好的理论依据与指导。The incidence of cardiovascular disease and the number of patients undergoing cardiac surgery have increased year by year as the aging population developed. Delirium, characterized by high incidence, prolonged time in hospital and ICU, and high mortality, is a common complication after cardiac surgery, which brings a heavy burden to patients and their family members. Therefore, it has captured more and more attention from many subjects, such as anesthesiology, ICU, surgery and nursing. Modern anesthesiology is moving towards perioperative medicine, and it is necessary for the anesthesiologist to undertake multiple roles in preoperation, intraoperation and postoperation. In this review, we illuminate the latest definition and research progress of postoperative delirium from the point of view of anesthesiology to provide a better theoretical basis and guidance for general anesthesiologists in regard to preoperative preparation, intraoperative prevention and postoperative analgesia.
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