[目的]为筛选防治二化螟高效低毒轮换及混用药剂,对新型间苯二酰胺类杀虫剂环丙氟虫胺进行了室内生物活性测定及与5种不同类型杀虫剂混用的田间防效研究。[方法]采用浸虫法测定环丙氟虫胺对二化螟2龄幼虫的室内生物活性,开展环丙氟虫胺单用及其与5种不同作用机制杀虫剂混用的田间药效试验。[结果]环丙氟虫胺对浙江4个二化螟种群的LC50为0.20~0.24 mg/L,显著低于氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氧虫酰肼,略低于乙基多杀菌素。20%环丙氟虫胺SC分别与25%乙基多杀菌素WG、24%甲氧虫酰肼SC、5%阿维菌素EC、25%喹硫磷EC混用,对二化螟防效均在90%以上,高于复配制剂34%乙多·甲氧虫SC 102 g a.i./hm^(2),其中20%环丙氟虫胺SC 30 g a.i./hm^(2)与25%乙基多杀菌素SC 25 g a.i./hm^(2)混用效果最佳,第2次药后20 d保叶效果和杀虫防效分别为97.59%、98.35%。[结论]环丙氟虫胺对二化螟具有良好的室内生物活性,单独或与常规二化螟防治药剂混用时田间防效显著,待上市后可以作为首选轮换药剂,可单用也可与乙基多杀菌素或甲氧虫酰肼混用,田间危害较轻时可以与阿维菌素或喹硫磷混用。
文章针对西安市小麦生产中存在的播种质量不高和极端气候频发等问题,提出了小麦宽幅沟播技术的研究与应用。通过多点次的试验示范,集成了以提升小麦播种质量为核心的小麦宽幅沟播技术体系,并逐步推广应用。该技术体系包括选择抗病优质高产品种、高质量规范播种、适墒适期晚播、肥水精准运筹、病虫害绿色防控、提高千粒重和适时收获减损等关键措施。宽幅沟播技术具有显著的技术优势,包括精确的技术质量标准、控制无效分蘖保障壮杆大穗和节本增效作用突出等。自2020年以来,在西安市共落实小麦宽幅沟播示范面积289.65万亩,取得了显著的增产效果。然而,目前仍存在机具购置和作业成本相对较高、机手操作要求相对较高、农户认可程度存在偏差和宽幅沟播配套技术还需进一步优化等问题。针对这些问题,文章提出了增加机具保有量、提升作业补贴、加大机具研发应用、持续强化宣传培训力度和深入研究宽幅沟播配套技术等思考与建议。This article proposes the research and application of wheat wide furrow sowing technology to address the problems of low sowing quality and frequent extreme weather in wheat production in Xi’an. Through multiple experimental demonstrations, a wide furrow wheat sowing technology system centered on improving wheat sowing quality has been integrated and gradually promoted and applied. This technology system includes key measures such as selecting disease-resistant, high-quality, and high-yield varieties, sowing with high-quality standards, late sowing at appropriate soil moisture and time, precise fertilizer and water management, green pest control, increasing thousand-grain weight, and timely harvesting and loss reduction. Wide width furrow sowing technology has significant technical advantages, including precise technical quality standards, control of ineffective tillering to ensure strong stems and large ears, and outstanding cost-saving and efficiency-increasing effects. Since 2020, a total of 2.8965 million mu of wide furrow wheat sowing demonstration area has been implemented in Xi’an, achieving significant yield increases. However, there are still issues, such as relatively high costs of equipment procurement and operation, relatively high requirements for operator operation, deviation in farmers’ recognition, and further optimization of the supporting technology for wide furrow sowing. In response to these issues, this article proposes thoughts and suggestions such as increasing the number of equipment in stock, improving operational subsidies, increasing the research and applicat
暂无评论