microRNAs (miRNAs)是一类通常存在于细胞质中的短链非编码RNAs,通过与信使RNA (mRNA)的3'非翻译区(3'untranslated region, 3'UTR)结合,发挥调节转录后基因表达的功能。miRNAs在调控多种代谢过程和信号转导途径方面起着重要作用。线粒体是真核细胞中进行氧化代谢和ATP合成的关键场所,负责糖类、脂质和氨基酸等大分子的代谢。那些特异性定位于线粒体的miRNAs,以及在细胞质中直接或间接调节线粒体特定功能的miRNAs,被称为线粒体miRNAs (mitochondrial miRNAs, mitomiRs)。这些miRNAs能调控相关基因表达,并在关键线粒体代谢途径中发挥独特作用,从而促进肿瘤的发生与发展。本文重点探讨mitomiR在线粒体中的作用以及在肿瘤中的调控机制,旨在进一步阐明肿瘤发生发展的分子机制,开发潜在的癌症新疗法。microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs typically found in the cytoplasm. They function to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA). miRNAs play a crucial role in modulating various metabolic processes and signal transduction pathways. Mitochondria serve as the primary sites for oxidative metabolism and ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells, and they are responsible for the metabolism of macromolecules, including sugars, lipids, and amino acids. Mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) are a subset of miRNAs localized specifically within mitochondria and modulate mitochondrial-specific functions, either directly or indirectly, within the cytoplasm. These mitomiRs can modulate gene expression and have a distinct role in pivotal mitochondrial metabolic pathways, thereby influencing the initiation and progression of tumors. This article concentrates on the role of mitomiRs in mitochondria and their regulatory mechanisms in tumorigenesis, with the goal of further elucidating the molecular underpinnings of tumorigenesis and development, and of identifying potential novel therapeutic targets for cancer.
目的:前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤较为罕见,本文回顾性分析1例前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料,进一步探讨前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:回顾我院1例原发病灶在前列腺的一种具有侵袭性较强的非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床资料,分析其临床表现、实验室检查结果及诊治经过。结果:该患者血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA) 0.15,B超提示前列腺增生,见钙化灶,未见明显结节病灶。组织病理学符合高级别B细胞淋巴瘤。结论:前列腺高级别B细胞淋巴瘤实验室检查及B超检查特征性不强,对临床诊断价值有限,与前列腺相关疾病鉴别困难,确诊该病通常需借助于前列腺穿刺活检或手术后前列腺标本病检。Objective: High-grade B-cell Lymphoma of the Prostate is relatively rare. This article retrospectively analyzes the clinical data of a patient with high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the prostate and further explores the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the prostate. Methods: The clinical data of a case of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with the primary lesion in the prostate in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed, and its clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, and diagnosis and treatment process were analyzed. Results: In this patient, the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 0.15. Ultrasonography showed prostatic hyperplasia with calcification foci and no obvious nodular lesions. Histopathology was consistent with high grade B cell lymphoma. Conclusion: Laboratory tests and ultrasonography for high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the prostate are not highly characteristic, have limited value for clinical diagnosis, and are difficult to differentiate from prostate related diseases. Diagnosis of this disease usually requires prostate biopsy or pathological examination of prostate specimens after surgery.
晚期尿路上皮癌严重影响患者生存。长期以来,以顺铂为基础的化疗方案作为晚期转移性尿路上皮癌的一线标准治疗方案,患者中位生存期仅8~14个月[1-3]。随着免疫时代的到来,多个程序性死亡-受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)/...
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晚期尿路上皮癌严重影响患者生存。长期以来,以顺铂为基础的化疗方案作为晚期转移性尿路上皮癌的一线标准治疗方案,患者中位生存期仅8~14个月[1-3]。随着免疫时代的到来,多个程序性死亡-受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)/程序性死亡-配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)抑制剂被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)和国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration,NMPA)批准用于治疗晚期尿路上皮癌[4-6]。另外,成纤维生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor,FGFR)抑制剂与抗体偶联(antibody-drug conjugate,ADC)药物的研究取得突破,并先后被批准用于临床[7-11]。
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