microRNAs (miRNAs)是一类通常存在于细胞质中的短链非编码RNAs,通过与信使RNA (mRNA)的3'非翻译区(3'untranslated region, 3'UTR)结合,发挥调节转录后基因表达的功能。miRNAs在调控多种代谢过程和信号转导途径方面起着重要作用。线粒体是真核细胞中进行氧化代谢和ATP合成的关键场所,负责糖类、脂质和氨基酸等大分子的代谢。那些特异性定位于线粒体的miRNAs,以及在细胞质中直接或间接调节线粒体特定功能的miRNAs,被称为线粒体miRNAs (mitochondrial miRNAs, mitomiRs)。这些miRNAs能调控相关基因表达,并在关键线粒体代谢途径中发挥独特作用,从而促进肿瘤的发生与发展。本文重点探讨mitomiR在线粒体中的作用以及在肿瘤中的调控机制,旨在进一步阐明肿瘤发生发展的分子机制,开发潜在的癌症新疗法。microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs typically found in the cytoplasm. They function to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of messenger RNA (mRNA). miRNAs play a crucial role in modulating various metabolic processes and signal transduction pathways. Mitochondria serve as the primary sites for oxidative metabolism and ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells, and they are responsible for the metabolism of macromolecules, including sugars, lipids, and amino acids. Mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) are a subset of miRNAs localized specifically within mitochondria and modulate mitochondrial-specific functions, either directly or indirectly, within the cytoplasm. These mitomiRs can modulate gene expression and have a distinct role in pivotal mitochondrial metabolic pathways, thereby influencing the initiation and progression of tumors. This article concentrates on the role of mitomiRs in mitochondria and their regulatory mechanisms in tumorigenesis, with the goal of further elucidating the molecular underpinnings of tumorigenesis and development, and of identifying potential novel therapeutic targets for cancer.
随着工业科技的发展与伤口愈合理念、缝合技术的革新,缝合材料也在不断地更新,其材质、形态和功能表现出多样化,越来越迎合医患对缝合目的和效果的要求。本文就医用缝合线的发展及不同缝合线的特点作一综述,以期为外科医生选择合适缝合材料、尽可能地促进伤口愈合和减小瘢痕提供参考。With the development of industrial technology and the innovation of wound healing concepts and suture techniques, medical sutures are constantly being updated. Their materials, forms, and functions have become diverse, increasingly meeting the requirements of doctors and patients regarding the purpose and effect of sutures. This article reviews the development of medical sutures and their different characteristics, aiming to provide references for surgeons to select appropriate suture materials, promote wound healing to the greatest extent possible, and minimize scarring.
随着我国社会经济水平的发展以及人口结构趋向老龄化,中老年人腰椎退行性病患者也日益增多,腰椎退行性疾病的发病率逐年上升,给患者的生活质量带来了显著影响。传统的开放手术治疗方法虽然有效,但往往伴随较大的创伤和恢复期,限制了其在广泛人群中的应用,并且绝大多数患者更倾向于通过微创技术解决问题。近年来经皮椎间孔镜技术(Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy, PELD)已成为治疗腰椎退行性疾病的有效手术方法之一,作为一种微创外科手术手段,以其创伤小、恢复快和疼痛少等优点,在腰椎退行性疾病的治疗中得到了广泛关注。尽管该技术在临床应用中展现出良好的前景,但仍存在适应症选择、手术技术熟练度、临床效果及并发症管理等方面的问题。本文旨在综述经皮椎间孔镜技术在腰椎退行性疾病中的最新研究进展,深入分析其适应症、手术技术、临床效果及并发症管理等关键内容,以期为今后的临床应用提供参考和指导。With the development of our country’s social and economic level and the aging population structure, the number of middle-aged and elderly patients with lumbar degenerative diseases is also increasing. The incidence of lumbar degenerative diseases is rising year by year, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. Although traditional open surgical treatment methods are effective, they often come with considerable trauma and recovery time, limiting their application in a wide population, and most patients prefer to solve problems through minimally invasive techniques. In recent years, percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PELD) has become one of the effective surgical methods for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. As a minimally invasive surgical approach, it has gained widespread attention in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases due to its advantages of minimal trauma, quick recovery, and less pain. Despite the promising prospects of this technology in clinical applications, there are still issues regarding the selection of indications, surgical skill proficiency, clinical outcomes, and management of complications. This article aims to review the latest research progress of percutaneous endoscopic discectomy technology in lumbar degenerative diseases, analyzing key aspects such as indications, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, and management of complications, in order to provide reference and guidance for future clinical applications.
目的:探讨肠道微生物与乳房恶性肿瘤之间的因果关系,并通过孟德尔随机化(MR)分析确定特定因果微生物分类群。方法:对有关肠道微生物群和乳房恶性肿瘤的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)汇总统计数据,MiBioGen研究GWAS(N=18473)作为暴露样本,IEU Open GWAS数据库中乳房恶性肿瘤的GWAS(N=123579)作为结果样本。采用逆方差加权(IVW)、加权中位数和MR-Egger方法分析MR统计结果。结果:巴斯德菌目(Pasteurellales)丰度的升高会增加乳房恶性肿瘤患病风险(IVW PFDR<0.05,OR=1.21,95%CI:1.07~1.36),水平基因多效性和异质性检测验证不会对因果关系产生影响,留一法敏感性分析表明,已确定的因果关联不是由任何单个工具变量驱动的,因果关系为正向。结论:肠道中巴斯德菌目丰度升高可能会增加乳房恶性肿瘤的发生风险。
目的分析良性甲状腺疾病组学技术研究现状。方法以中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库为文献来源,检索建库至2022年9月20日收录的组学技术在良性甲状腺疾病领域研究的文献,采用文献计量学的...
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目的分析良性甲状腺疾病组学技术研究现状。方法以中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed及Web of Science数据库为文献来源,检索建库至2022年9月20日收录的组学技术在良性甲状腺疾病领域研究的文献,采用文献计量学的方法对符合既定标准的文献进行定量分析。结果组学技术在良性甲状腺疾病应用的研究方法涉及代谢组学、蛋白质组学和转录组学等;检测样本包含血液、尿液和甲状腺等;代谢组学分析技术以液相色谱-质谱联用为主;蛋白质组学则以双向凝胶电泳技术为主。结论该研究领域尚存在组学技术应用单一,缺乏高质量随机对照试验等问题。未来应提高随机对照试验的数量与质量,开展多组学联用,阐明疾病发生发展与治疗机制。
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