多目标跟踪技术对猪只精细化养殖具有重要意义。针对饲养环境差异、猪只的快速移动以及群猪之间的频繁遮挡带来的多目标跟踪挑战,该研究提出了一种基于Byte的生猪多目标跟踪算法UKFTrack。首先,构建了一个采用定向边界框(oriented bounding box,OBB)标注的多样化数据集,涵盖了猪只多种运动模式以及不同饲养场景和猪群密度;其次,引入了无迹卡尔曼滤波以更好地适配OBB标注,并对传统的状态向量进行扩展,新增了角度和角速度参数,设计了残差函数处理角度变量以避免直接相减所造成的误差。最后,提出了一种多阶段匹配策略,通过多次轨迹关联和补充匹配机制,确保在遮挡严重或剧烈运动的情况下,仍能保持对目标的持续跟踪。试验结果表明,在白天重度密集、白天极度密集、夜间重度密集和夜间极度密集4种复杂场景下,UKFTrack的高阶跟踪精度(higher order tracking accuracy,HOTA)分别为96.10%、83.10%、76.50%和84.00%,IDF1得分(identification F1 score)分别为95.70%、78.20%、70.10%和77.60%。相较于StrongSORT,UKFTrack的HOTA分别提高了1.2、13.3、5.9和6.3个百分点,IDF1分别提高了0.1、10.9、5.4和7.4个百分点。因此,该研究提出的跟踪算法能实现复杂环境下群体生猪的准确跟踪,且展现出较强的鲁棒性,能为实际应用中猪只行为与健康监测提供可靠的技术支持。
方程是一种重要的描述现实世界的数学模型,在解决实际问题中是应用广泛的数学工具。本文对三版教材中的“一元一次方程”章节内容对比研究,发现“一元一次方程”一章的内容在章前页、内容编排、呈现方式、融入数学史数量和例题习题等方面存在异同点。本文的研究,主要是为教材的编写和一线教师的课堂教学提供参考。Equation is an important mathematical model to describe the real world, and it is a widely used mathematical tool in solving practical problems. This paper makes a comparative study on the content of the chapter of “linear equation with one unknown” in the three editions of textbooks, and finds that the content of the chapter of “linear equation with one unknown” has similarities and differences in the front page of the chapter, content arrangement, presentation mode, the number of mathematical history and examples and exercises. The research of this paper is mainly to provide reference for the compilation of teaching materials and the classroom teaching of front-line teachers.
“三教”教育理念的提出,旨在培育学生的思辨能力,并在“想数学”、“做数学”、“说数学”中积淀学生个性化经验,促进学生数学核心素养的形成。文章将基于“三教”理念,借助解题研究来探讨学生逻辑推理能力的发展,同时有针对性地提出数学教学中培育学生逻辑推理核心素养的有效策略,旨在为数学教师培养学生的逻辑推理能力提供参考。The proposal of the educational concept of “Three Teachings” aims to cultivate students’ critical thinking abilities, accumulate students’ personalized experiences in “thinking about mathematics”, “doing mathematics”, and “talking about mathematics”, and promote the formation of students’ core mathematical competencies. Based on the concept of “Three Teachings”, this paper will explore the development of students’ logical reasoning abilities through problem-solving research. Meanwhile, it will put forward targeted and effective strategies for cultivating students’ core competencies in logical reasoning in mathematics teaching, aiming to provide references for mathematics teachers in cultivating students’ logical reasoning abilities.
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