当牙齿缺失时,种植体被认为是牙齿替换的高质量解决方案。上颌骨后牙长期缺失往往会导致上颌窦气化和牙槽嵴吸收,上颌后牙区磨牙缺失的患者往往牙槽骨量和质量不足,导致种植体支持的修复剩余牙槽骨高度(RBH)不足,使得种植牙的植入具有挑战性。获得骨增量最常见的手术方式有:上颌窦底提升术、引导骨再生术、植骨术、牙槽嵴扩大术、牙槽牵张成骨术等。上颌骨后部的种植体骨支持往往较差。这种情况可以采用上颌窦底提升术进行治疗。上颌窦底提升术联合骨增量材料的临床技术在骨量不足的病例中已大量应用和研究。因此,上颌窦底提升术后新骨形成的机制及影响因素的研究对于临床术式的选择及种植的远期成功具有重要意义。When teeth are missing, implants are considered be a high-quality solution for tooth replacement. Long-term loss of posterior maxillary teeth often leads to maxillary sinus pneumatization and alveolar ridge resorption. Patients with missing molar teeth in the posterior maxillary region often have insufficient alveolar bone volume and quality, resulting in insufficient restorative remaining alveolar bone height (RBH) for implant support, making dental implant placement challenging. The most common surgical procedures to obtain bone augmentation are maxillary sinus floor lift, guided bone regeneration, bone grafting, alveolar ridge expansion, and alveolar distraction osteogenesis. Bone support for implants in the posterior maxilla is often poor. This condition can be treated with maxillary sinus floor lift. The clinical technique of maxillary sinus floor elevation combined with bone augmentation materials has been used and studied extensively in cases of insufficient bone mass. Therefore, the study of the mechanism of new bone formation after maxillary sinus floor elevation and the factors affecting it are of great importance for the choice of clinical procedure and the long-term success of the implant.
随着口腔种植技术的发展,种植体的精准植入逐渐成为口腔种植领域热议的话题。计算机辅助种植(computer-assisted implant surgery, CAIs)技术的出现,从静态导板技术到动态导航技术,再到最近几年兴起的口腔种植机器人,使得种植体的精准植入成为可能。本文就目前存在的三种计算机辅助种植技术在发展分类、操作流程、精度及其影响因素做一综述,并指出了各种技术存在的不足,以期为口腔临床数字化种植的选择提供参考。With the development of oral implant technology, the precise placement of implants is becoming a hot topic of discussion in the field of oral implantology. The emergence of computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIs), from static guides to dynamic navigation, and the rise of dental implant robots in recent years, has made it possible to accurately implant implants. This article reviews the principle classification, workflow, accuracy and its influencing factors of three computer-assisted implant surgery, and points out the shortcomings of each surgery in order to provide reference for the selection of dental clinical digital implant.
干细胞具有迁移、分化以及分泌各种治疗因子(如免疫调节因子)等功能,为攻克多种疾病难题提供了全新的思路与方向。当前,干细胞治疗虽已取得阶段性成果,但仍面临细胞存活率欠佳、靶向归巢效率低下、分化精准度不足等问题。为进一步提升干细胞的治疗效能并赋予其全新的功能特性,越来越多的研究致力于工程化干细胞改造,并应用到组织再生领域,且已初步展现出成效。本综述简要回顾干细胞的工程化策略,并重点阐述工程化干细胞在创伤修复、软骨愈合、骨修复、免疫调控等组织再生领域的应用进展。Stem cells possess the abilities of migration, differentiation, and secretion of various therapeutic factors (such as immunomodulatory factors), which provide entirely new ideas and directions for conquering numerous disease challenges. In current clinical practice, although stem cell therapy has achieved phased results, there are still problems such as poor cell survival rate, low targeted homing efficiency, and insufficient differentiation accuracy. To further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells and endow them with new functional characteristics, an increasing number of studies are dedicated to the modification of engineered stem cells and their application in the field of tissue regeneration, and initial effects have been demonstrated. This review briefly reviews the engineering strategies of stem cells and focuses on elaborating the application progress of engineered stem cells in aspects such as wound repair, cartilage healing, bone repair, and immune regulation in tissue regeneration.
随着全球人口老龄化趋势的加剧,主要波及老年人群认知障碍的发病率在全球不同地区均呈现上升趋势,这一现象与老年人免疫功能的减退和口腔卫生维护能力的下降密切相关,进而导致口腔功能受损和牙菌斑积累增加。本文阐述了衰老时口腔结构和功能的改变、微生物的变化、口腔疾病的发生发展特点。探讨了口腔健康不良对认知功能影响的途径。旨在强调重视老年人口腔健康对预防和延缓衰老过程中认知障碍发生发展的重要性,为后续进一步研究及干预策略制定提供参考依据。With the intensification of the global population aging trend, the incidence of cognitive impairment mainly affecting the elderly population is increasing in different regions of the world, which is closely related to the decline of immune function and oral health maintenance ability of the elderly, which in turn leads to the impairment of oral function and the increase of plaque accumulation. This article expounds the changes in oral structure and function, the changes in microorganisms, and the occurrence and development characteristics of oral diseases during aging. The pathways of the impact of poor oral health on cognitive function were explored. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of paying attention to the oral health of the elderly to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment in the aging process, and to provide a reference for further research and the formulation of intervention strategies.
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