间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)因其多向分化、自我更新、免疫调控等功能,可治疗多种疾病。尽管MSCs疗法在一定程度上已被证明是安全有效的,但在临床应用中,其疗效和安全性仍存在局限性,主要体现在MSCs靶向性不足、分化能力受限、体内存活率低及药物递送效率不足等方面。为解决这些问题,目前出现多种工程化修饰技术,包括基因工程、表面修饰、物理化学修饰和组织工程等,以提高MSCs疗法的治疗效果和安全性。本文详细介绍了不同工程化修饰策略,并重点阐述各工程化修饰下MSCs功能化的实现和临床应用前景。Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold significant promise for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, owing to their multi-lineage differentiation potential, self-renewal capabilities, and immune regulatory properties. Although MSCs-based therapies have demonstrated safety and efficacy to some extent, their clinical application remains limited. These limitations are primarily due to challenges such as insufficient targeting of MSCs, restricted differentiation capacity, low in vivo survival rates, and poor drug delivery efficiency. To address these issues, a variety of engineering strategies, including genetic modification, surface functionalization, physicochemical modification, and tissue engineering, have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of MSCs therapies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of these engineering approaches and discusses their potential for future clinical application in MSCs-based therapies.
近年来,正畸治疗已经从简单排齐牙齿向改善面部美观发生了巨大转变,无论是患者希望通过正畸治疗达到改善面部美观的目的,还是正畸医生以颌面部软组织为治疗导向的矫治理念的产生,正畸治疗与面部软组织美观之间的关系越来越紧密。人们对面部美观的定义受主观因素影响,明确面部软组织美学的评价标准对于正畸治疗过程中不同人群目标位置的设定具有十分重要的意义,同时在制定矫治计划时关于正畸治疗前后对面部美观的改变也需要被考虑。我们不定义美貌理想值,只是希望我们的研究结果能为有美貌需求的正畸患者提供一种参考。同时,既往研究正畸治疗与面部美观的相关性大多着眼于侧貌的改变,但正面像是患者最容易观察且关注较多的部分,我们将把探索的目光放在与正畸治疗相关的面部正面像软组织的改变上,正面美学特征的研究可以作为侧貌美学的补充,丰富颜面美学分析的内容,也可以在正畸治疗前辅助医患沟通,降低因审美差异造成纠纷的风险。In recent years, orthodontic treatment has evolved significantly from merely aligning teeth to improve facial beauty. Whether it is patients’ hope to improve facial beauty through orthodontic treatment, or the emergence of the treatment concept of face soft tissue as treatment orientation, the relationship between orthodontic treatment and facial soft tissue beauty is strengthened. The perception of facial beauty is influenced by subjective factors. Making it essential to establish clear evaluation criteria for setting the target positions of different groups in the process of orthodontic treatment. At the same time, changes in facial beauty before and after orthodontic treatment should also be considered when making the treatment plan. We do not define an ideal standard of beauty, but hope that our findings can provide a reference for orthodontic patients with aesthetic concerns. At the same time, previous studies on the correlation between orthodontic treatment and facial aesthetics mostly focused on the changes of facial appearance, However, the frontal view is what patients are most likely to observe and pay attention to. We will focus our exploration on the changes of facial image soft tissue related to orthodontic treatment. The study of positive aesthetic features can complement profile aesthetics and enrich the content of facial aesthetic analysis. It can also assist doctor-patient communication before orthodontic treatment to reduce the risk of disputes caused by aesthetic differences.
牙周组织缺损是牙周炎治疗的难点,传统治疗方法难以有效恢复牙周组织的结构和功能。引导组织再生术(Guided Tissue Regeneration, GTR)作为一种再生医学技术,利用生物屏障膜隔离牙周缺损区域,为牙周组织再生创造有利空间,从而促进牙周功能的恢复。可吸收生物膜因其无需二次手术取出、生物相容性好、可控降解等优势,成为GTR的理想材料。本文综述了不同种类可吸收生物膜在GTR中的研究进展,重点关注其理化特性、生物学效应以及临床应用效果,并探讨了该领域目前存在的挑战及未来研究方向,旨在为GTR的临床实践提供指导并推动治疗方式优化。Periodontal tissue defects, characterized by gingival recession and alveolar bone loss, pose significant challenges in periodontitis treatment, as conventional therapies often fail to fully restore tissue structure and function. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) offers a regenerative medicine approach, employing barrier membranes to isolate the defect site and foster a conducive environment for periodontal tissue regeneration, ultimately promoting functional recovery. Resorbable membranes, owing to their advantages of eliminating the need for a second surgical procedure, coupled with favorable biocompatibility and controlled degradation profiles, have emerged as ideal GTR materials. This review summarizes the research progress of various resorbable membranes in GTR, focusing on their physicochemical properties, biological effects, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it explores current challenges and future research directions in this field, aiming to inform and enhance clinical practice in GTR.
着色牙是常见的口腔疾病,根据其病因可以分为外源性着色牙和内源性着色牙两类。随着人们生活水平和经济水平的提高,牙齿变色与美观问题引起越来越多患者的关注,而漂白治疗,作为一种微创性高,对牙齿硬组织损伤较小的治疗方式被越来越多地应用于变色牙的治疗。漂白治疗已经被大量的研究证实其有效性,但漂白治疗的效果受多种因素的影响,本文将就影响漂白治疗效果的因素进行综述。Discolored teeth are common oral diseases, which can be divided into exogenous and endogenous discolored teeth according to their etiology. With the improvement of people’s living standards and economic level, the discoloration and aesthetic problems of teeth have attracted more and more patients’ attention. Bleaching treatment, as a minimally invasive treatment with less damage to the hard tissue of teeth, has been more and more applied in the treatment of discoloration of teeth. Bleaching treatment has been proved effective by a large number of studies, but the effect of bleaching treatment is affected by many factors. This paper reviews the factors influencing the therapeutic effect of tooth bleaching.
降钙素基因相关肽(Calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP)是一种由感觉神经纤维合成释放的生物活性肽类物质之一。通过与CGRP受体复合物结合发挥血管扩张、疼痛传导等生理功能。已证实的降钙素基因相关肽拮抗剂有缓解偏头痛的能力,是目前偏头痛相关药物开发的热点。但近年来,降钙素基因相关肽对骨稳态的调节作用已引起广泛关注,本文就CGRP合成释放及其在骨稳态中的作用的研究进展进行作一综述。Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is one of the bioactive peptides released by sensory nerve fibers. It plays physiological functions such as vascular dilation and pain conduction by binding with the CGRP receptor complex. It has been proven that calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists have the ability to relieve migraine and are currently hot spots for migraine-related drug development. However, in recent years, the regulatory effect of calcitonin gene-related peptides on bone homeostasis has attracted much attention. This paper summarizes the CGRP synthesis and its role in bone homeostasis.
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