随着全球人口老龄化趋势的加剧,主要波及老年人群认知障碍的发病率在全球不同地区均呈现上升趋势,这一现象与老年人免疫功能的减退和口腔卫生维护能力的下降密切相关,进而导致口腔功能受损和牙菌斑积累增加。本文阐述了衰老时口腔结构和功能的改变、微生物的变化、口腔疾病的发生发展特点。探讨了口腔健康不良对认知功能影响的途径。旨在强调重视老年人口腔健康对预防和延缓衰老过程中认知障碍发生发展的重要性,为后续进一步研究及干预策略制定提供参考依据。With the intensification of the global population aging trend, the incidence of cognitive impairment mainly affecting the elderly population is increasing in different regions of the world, which is closely related to the decline of immune function and oral health maintenance ability of the elderly, which in turn leads to the impairment of oral function and the increase of plaque accumulation. This article expounds the changes in oral structure and function, the changes in microorganisms, and the occurrence and development characteristics of oral diseases during aging. The pathways of the impact of poor oral health on cognitive function were explored. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of paying attention to the oral health of the elderly to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment in the aging process, and to provide a reference for further research and the formulation of intervention strategies.
当牙齿缺失时,种植体被认为是牙齿替换的高质量解决方案。上颌骨后牙长期缺失往往会导致上颌窦气化和牙槽嵴吸收,上颌后牙区磨牙缺失的患者往往牙槽骨量和质量不足,导致种植体支持的修复剩余牙槽骨高度(RBH)不足,使得种植牙的植入具有挑战性。获得骨增量最常见的手术方式有:上颌窦底提升术、引导骨再生术、植骨术、牙槽嵴扩大术、牙槽牵张成骨术等。上颌骨后部的种植体骨支持往往较差。这种情况可以采用上颌窦底提升术进行治疗。上颌窦底提升术联合骨增量材料的临床技术在骨量不足的病例中已大量应用和研究。因此,上颌窦底提升术后新骨形成的机制及影响因素的研究对于临床术式的选择及种植的远期成功具有重要意义。When teeth are missing, implants are considered be a high-quality solution for tooth replacement. Long-term loss of posterior maxillary teeth often leads to maxillary sinus pneumatization and alveolar ridge resorption. Patients with missing molar teeth in the posterior maxillary region often have insufficient alveolar bone volume and quality, resulting in insufficient restorative remaining alveolar bone height (RBH) for implant support, making dental implant placement challenging. The most common surgical procedures to obtain bone augmentation are maxillary sinus floor lift, guided bone regeneration, bone grafting, alveolar ridge expansion, and alveolar distraction osteogenesis. Bone support for implants in the posterior maxilla is often poor. This condition can be treated with maxillary sinus floor lift. The clinical technique of maxillary sinus floor elevation combined with bone augmentation materials has been used and studied extensively in cases of insufficient bone mass. Therefore, the study of the mechanism of new bone formation after maxillary sinus floor elevation and the factors affecting it are of great importance for the choice of clinical procedure and the long-term success of the implant.
错颌畸形是世界卫生组织认定的三大口腔疾病之一,并且在我国的发病率逐年上升。作为一种常见的口腔健康问题,错颌畸形不仅会影响患者的颌面功能和面部外观,还可能对其心理健康产生长期且深远的影响。正因为如此,越来越多的患者选择通过正畸治疗来改善这一问题。在正畸治疗过程中,施加的机械力会引发牙周组织中的炎症级联反应,进而促使牙周膜和牙槽骨的改建与重塑,从而实现牙齿的移动。免疫系统在这一复杂的生物学过程中发挥着关键作用,是正畸牙移动和牙槽骨改建中不可缺少的调节因子。细胞焦亡作为一种炎性程序性细胞死亡方式,特点是通过炎症小体的激活以及Caspase-1或Caspase-4/5的参与,其在维持组织稳态和激活炎症反应中起着至关重要的作用。然而关于细胞焦亡与正畸牙移动的具体联系尚未被完全阐明,因此,文章对细胞焦亡与正畸牙移动之间的关系及潜在机制进行综述,以期为相关基础研究和临床实践提供具有指导意义的参考,并为患者带来更为精确和有效的干预手段。Malocclusion is one of the three major oral diseases recognized by the World Health Organization, and the incidence rate is increasing yearly in China. As a common oral health problem, malocclusion not only affects the patient’s facial function and appearance but may also have long-term and profound effects on their mental health. Because of this, more and more patients are choosing orthodontic treatment to improve this problem. During orthodontic treatment, the applied mechanical force can trigger an inflammatory cascade reaction in the periodontal tissue, promoting the remodeling and reconstruction of the periodontal membrane and alveolar bone, thereby achieving tooth movement. The immune system plays a crucial role in this complex biological process and is an indispensable regulatory factor in orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar bone remodeling. Cellular pyroptosis, as an inflammatory programmed cell death mode, is characterized by the activation of inflammasomes and the involvement of Caspase-1 or Caspase-4/5, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses. However, the specific relationship between cell necrosis and orthodontic tooth movement has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship and potential mechanisms between cell necrosis and orthodontic tooth movement to provide guiding references for related basic research and clinical practice and to bring more precise and effective intervention methods for patients.
牙周组织缺损是牙周炎治疗的难点,传统治疗方法难以有效恢复牙周组织的结构和功能。引导组织再生术(Guided Tissue Regeneration, GTR)作为一种再生医学技术,利用生物屏障膜隔离牙周缺损区域,为牙周组织再生创造有利空间,从而促进牙周功能的恢复。可吸收生物膜因其无需二次手术取出、生物相容性好、可控降解等优势,成为GTR的理想材料。本文综述了不同种类可吸收生物膜在GTR中的研究进展,重点关注其理化特性、生物学效应以及临床应用效果,并探讨了该领域目前存在的挑战及未来研究方向,旨在为GTR的临床实践提供指导并推动治疗方式优化。Periodontal tissue defects, characterized by gingival recession and alveolar bone loss, pose significant challenges in periodontitis treatment, as conventional therapies often fail to fully restore tissue structure and function. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) offers a regenerative medicine approach, employing barrier membranes to isolate the defect site and foster a conducive environment for periodontal tissue regeneration, ultimately promoting functional recovery. Resorbable membranes, owing to their advantages of eliminating the need for a second surgical procedure, coupled with favorable biocompatibility and controlled degradation profiles, have emerged as ideal GTR materials. This review summarizes the research progress of various resorbable membranes in GTR, focusing on their physicochemical properties, biological effects, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it explores current challenges and future research directions in this field, aiming to inform and enhance clinical practice in GTR.
着色牙是常见的口腔疾病,根据其病因可以分为外源性着色牙和内源性着色牙两类。随着人们生活水平和经济水平的提高,牙齿变色与美观问题引起越来越多患者的关注,而漂白治疗,作为一种微创性高,对牙齿硬组织损伤较小的治疗方式被越来越多地应用于变色牙的治疗。漂白治疗已经被大量的研究证实其有效性,但漂白治疗的效果受多种因素的影响,本文将就影响漂白治疗效果的因素进行综述。Discolored teeth are common oral diseases, which can be divided into exogenous and endogenous discolored teeth according to their etiology. With the improvement of people’s living standards and economic level, the discoloration and aesthetic problems of teeth have attracted more and more patients’ attention. Bleaching treatment, as a minimally invasive treatment with less damage to the hard tissue of teeth, has been more and more applied in the treatment of discoloration of teeth. Bleaching treatment has been proved effective by a large number of studies, but the effect of bleaching treatment is affected by many factors. This paper reviews the factors influencing the therapeutic effect of tooth bleaching.
暂无评论