糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病(DM)患者常见的慢性并发症之一,已经成为全世界面临的较为严重的公共卫生负担。越来越多的证据表明,氧化应激和慢性炎症在DR的发展中起主导作用。目前,还没有可以预测和完全阻止DR进展的方法,为了避免不必要的视力损害,DR的预防和早期治疗必须引起重视。研究表明,茶除了具有抗氧化活性、减缓氧化应激和血管损伤的作用,能够通过影响新生血管、清除自由基减少视网膜损伤,此外,还具有抗炎作用,能减轻因高血糖引起的慢性炎症反应。本文将对茶在DR发生发展中的作用及其对DR的治疗作用和机制研究进展进行综述,为DR防治提供了新思路。Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common chronic complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and has become one of the more serious public health burdens facing the world. There is growing evidence that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play a dominant role in the development of DR. Currently, there is no method to predict and completely stop the progression of DR, and prevention and early treatment of DR must be emphasized in order to avoid unnecessary vision damage. Studies have shown that in addition to its antioxidant activity, slowing oxidative stress and vascular damage, tea is able to reduce retinal damage by affecting neovascularization and scavenging free radicals, in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect, which reduces chronic inflammatory responses due to hyperglycemia. This paper will review the role of tea in the development of DR and its therapeutic effects on DR and the progress of mechanism research, which provides new ideas in the prevention and treatment of DR.
多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)和桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, HT)均为育龄期女性常见的内分泌代谢紊乱性疾病。临床观察发现,PCOS与HT具有相似的临床表现。近年来,越来越多的研究证实,PCOS女性中HT的发生率明显高于一般人群,二者共病将进一步加重生殖障碍和代谢紊乱。提示这两种疾病之间可能存在某种关联,但内在的病理生理机制尚不清楚。探讨PCOS与HT之间的相互关系对PCOS的临床管理具有重要意义。PCOS and HT are common endocrine and metabolic disorders in women of childbearing age. Clinical observations show that PCOS and HT have similar clinical manifestations. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that the incidence of HT in women with PCOS is significantly higher than that in the general population, and the comorbidity of the two further aggravates reproductive disorders and metabolic disorders. It is suggested that there may be some correlation between the two diseases, but the underlying pathological and physiological mechanism is still unclear. It is of great significance to explore the interrelationship between PCOS and HT for the clinical management of PCOS.
多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)作为育龄期女性常见的内分泌疾病,其人群中脂肪因子被不断研究,如脂联素等在正常女性中的循环水平与PCOS人群具有差异性。随着PCOS的相关研究越来越深入,Chemerin作为一种脂肪因子与PCOS有复杂的联系。本文就Chemerin在PCOS中的研究进展进行综述,旨在为Chemerin在PCOS的进一步研究中提出新的见解,为了解和治疗PCOS提供新的思路。Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and has been extensively studied in the context of adipokine dysregulation. Among these adipokines, lipocalin demonstrates distinct circulating levels in PCOS patients compared to non-PCOS individuals. As research on PCOS advances, Chemerin, a multifunctional adipokine, has gained increasing attention due to its potential role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. This article reviews the current research progress on Chemerin in PCOS, aiming to provide novel insights for future investigations and to explore potential therapeutic strategies for PCOS management.
目的:本研究旨在分析糖尿病足溃疡患者创面感染的病原菌种类及其对药物的敏感性,以便为本地区内类似患者的合理抗感染治疗提供参考。方法:选取2021年3月至2024年3月我院内分泌科收治的309例确诊为糖尿病足溃疡且创面分泌物培养为阳性的患者,回顾性分析病原菌的分布,以及主要病原微生物对临床常用抗菌药物的敏感性及耐药性情况。结果:纳入的309例患者中,共分离出485株菌株,其中革兰氏阳性菌301株(62.1%),革兰氏阴性菌146株(30.1%),真菌38株(7.8%)。在G+菌株中,金黄色葡萄球菌占32.6% (98/301)、纹带棒状杆菌占13.6% (41/301)、粪肠球菌占6.6% (20/301)、咽峡炎链球菌占6.6% (20/301)、溶血葡萄球菌占6.3% (19/301);在G−菌株中,铜绿假单胞菌占17.8% (26/146)、大肠埃希氏菌占11.6% (17/146)、粘质沙雷氏菌占8.9% (13/146)、普通变形菌占8.2% (12/146)、阴沟肠杆菌占8.2% (12/146)。药敏实验结果表明:主要革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁、替加环素敏感率高,而对红霉素、阿奇霉素、克林霉素、克拉霉素则表现出较高的耐药率;主要革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、氨曲南、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、庆大霉素、异帕米星敏感率较高,而对头孢呋辛酯、氨苄西林耐药率较高。结论:糖尿病足合并感染患者的病原菌分布较为复杂,以革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌为主,少数为真菌,部分抗菌药物存在敏感度较低问题,需结合病原微生物培养和药敏实验结果,根据患者具体情况选择敏感抗生素治疗,减少耐药菌株的产生,在创面的综合治疗中发挥重要作用。Objective: To analyze the distribution of pathogens and drug sensitivity test results in the wounds of patients with diabetic foot ulcers, and provide a basis for standardized anti-infection treatment for such patients in this region. Methods: A total of 309 patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers and with positive wound secretion culture who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of our hospital from March 2021 to March 2024 were selected to retrospectively analyze the distribution of pathogens, as well as the sensitivity and resistance of the main pathogenic microorganisms to commonly used clinical antimicrobial drugs. Results: A total of 485 strains were isolated from the 309 patients, including 301 strains (62.1%) of Gram-positive bacteria, 146 strains (30.1%) of Gram-negative bacteria, and 38 strains (7.8%) of fungi. Among the G+ strains, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 32.6% (98/301), Corynebacterium striatum accounted for 13.6% (41/301), Enterococcus faecalis accounted for 6.6% (20/301), Streptococcus anginosus accounted for 6.6% (20/301), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus accounted for 6.3% (19/301);among the G− strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 17.8% (26/146), Escherichia coli accounted for 11.6% (17/146), Serra
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