尘肺病作为一种因劳动者在生产作业过程中吸入生产性粉尘而引发的肺组织弥漫性纤维化病症,有矽肺、煤工尘肺等12种类型,在我国属于极为严重的职业病范畴。近年来发达国家尘肺病的发病率与死亡数据呈现下降态势,但中国尘肺病依旧是职业健康范畴内亟待攻克的关键难题。尘肺病的诊断和早期筛查对于防治至关重要,有助于及时采取干预措施,减缓病程进展,降低致残率。文章对尘肺病影像学发展和早期生物标志物的探索及可能面临的挑战做出一个总结,为未来尘肺病影像学及辅助诊断技术研究方向提供参考依据。Pneumoconiosis, characterized by diffuse pulmonary fibrosis resulting from occupational dust inhalation, encompasses 12 subtypes, including silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis. It is categorized as a severe occupational disease in China. Although developed countries have observed a decline in pneumoconiosis incidence and mortality rates, the condition continues to pose a significant challenge in China’s occupational health sector. Early diagnosis and screening are essential for the prevention and management of pneumoconiosis, enabling prompt intervention, disease progression mitigation, and disability rate reduction. This paper reviews advancements in imaging methodologies and the identification of early biomarkers for pneumoconiosis, as well as discusses the challenges encountered to inform future research in the field of pneumoconiosis imaging and diagnostic technologies.
尘肺病是由长期吸入粉尘引起的弥漫性肺纤维化疾病,全球范围内流行。本文综述了尘肺病与肺部微生物组的关联,揭示了尘肺患者肺部微生物多样性降低和条件致病菌丰度增加的现象,这些变化与肺部炎症和纤维化密切相关。研究显示,粉尘暴露可改变肺部微生物组成,影响免疫和炎症反应。尽管当前研究取得了进展,但仍面临样本量小和方法学差异等挑战。未来研究需开展大规模纵向研究,标准化方法学,深入探讨微生物组与宿主免疫的相互作用,为尘肺病的防治提供新策略。Pneumoconiosis is a diffuse pulmonary fibrosis disease caused by long-term inhalation of dust, which is prevalent worldwide. This article reviews the association between pneumoconiosis and the lung microbiome, revealing a phenomenon of reduced lung microbial diversity and increased abundance of conditional pathogens in patients with pneumoconiosis, which is closely related to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Studies show that dust exposure can alter the composition of the lung microbiota, affecting immune and inflammatory responses. Despite the progress made in current research, challenges remain, such as small sample sizes and methodological differences. Future research needs to conduct large-scale longitudinal studies, standardize methodology, and delve into the interaction between the microbiome and host immunity to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.
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