代谢综合征(MS)是一个包括中心性肥胖、血糖、血脂及血压异常的多症候群综合征,实质是心血管疾病危险因素的聚集,可增加心血管疾病和心源性猝死的风险。围绝经期及绝经后期是女性从性成熟过渡到老年期的特殊阶段,女性随着卵巢功能的进行性衰退,性激素发生一系列变化,导致内分泌和代谢紊乱,血管、肌肉等多种组织细胞在结构上和功能上出现异常,使机体易患各种代谢性疾病。目前国内外研究尚未明确围绝经期及绝经后代谢综合征的发生机制,可能与卵巢激素变化、炎症因子影响、基因调控等相关。围绝经期及绝经后期代谢综合征防治原则为综合干预及个体化治疗,其目的为提升该时期女性生活质量,预防心血管疾病,使其有尊严、有质量地度过该特殊时期。目前,治疗性生活方式改变、降压降脂降糖及激素替代治疗可以一定程度上对围绝经期及绝经后期女性代谢综合征所致心血管等危害起到防治作用。Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a multi-symptom complex syndrome that includes central obesity, abnormal blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Its essence is the aggregation of cardiovascular disease risk factors, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are special stages for women transitioning from sexual maturity to old age. As women experience a progressive decline in ovarian function, a series of changes occur in sex hormones, leading to endocrine and metabolic disorders. Various tissue cells, such as blood vessels and muscles, exhibit abnormalities in structure and function, making the body prone to various metabolic diseases. Current research both domestically and internationally has not yet clearly defined the mechanism of metabolic syndrome during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. It may be related to changes in ovarian hormones, the influence of inflammatory factors, and gene regulation. The principles of prevention and treatment for metabolic syndrome during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are comprehensive intervention and individualized treatment, with the aim of improving the quality of life for women during this period, preventing cardiovascular disease, and enabling them to pass through this special period with dignity and quality. Currently, therapeutic lifestyle changes, blood pressure and lipid-lowering, blood sugar reduction, and hormone replacement therapy can, to some extent, play a role in preventing and treating the cardiovascular and other harms caused by metaboli
肥胖作为一种全球性慢性代谢疾病,对女性生育力存在诸多不利影响。肥胖可通过干扰下丘脑–垂体–性腺轴功能、降低卵母细胞质量、损害子宫内膜容受性等多途径影响女性生育力。减重干预,涵盖生活方式干预、药物治疗、中医疗法及代谢手术,对女性生育力有积极作用。通过对这些内容的综述,本文旨在为临床实践提供有价值的参考依据。As a global chronic metabolic disease, obesity has many adverse effects on female fertility. Obesity can affect female fertility by interfering with hypothalamus pituitary gonad axis function, reducing oocyte quality, and impairing endometrial receptivity. Weight loss intervention, including lifestyle intervention, drug therapy, traditional Chinese medicine therapy and metabolic surgery, has a positive effect on female fertility. By synthesizing these elements, this article aims to provide a valuable reference for clinical practice.
B族链球菌(group B Streptococcus, GBS)是一种导致新生儿败血症和脑膜炎的重要致病菌。在世界范围内,GBS在孕妇体内广泛定植,可定植在孕妇的正常胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统中,并在某些条件下转变为感染状态,给围产期妇女及新生儿的健康产生...
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B族链球菌(group B Streptococcus, GBS)是一种导致新生儿败血症和脑膜炎的重要致病菌。在世界范围内,GBS在孕妇体内广泛定植,可定植在孕妇的正常胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统中,并在某些条件下转变为感染状态,给围产期妇女及新生儿的健康产生巨大影响。所以早期诊断GBS感染,并在及时给予适当的干预,可降低新生儿的感染率。本文就妊娠期B族链球菌感染的发病机制、感染高危因素及患者的筛查和防治方面的研究进展进行阐述。Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the important pathogenic bacteria which can cause neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Worldwide, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is widely colonized in pregnant women, commonly residing in the normal gastrointestinal tract and the urogenital system. Under certain conditions, it can transition from colonization to an infectious state, posing significant health risks to both perinatal women and newborns. Therefore, early diagnosis of GBS infection and giving appropriate intervention in time can reduce the infection rate of newborns. This paper describes the pathogenesis of group B streptococcal infection, high-risk factors for infection, and strategies for screening and prevention and treatment of patients.
妊娠期生理性胰岛素抵抗(IR)是维持胎儿营养供给的重要适应性改变,然而病理性IR已成为影响母婴健康的关键病理基础。近年研究表明,IR不仅与复发性流产、妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)等常见产科并发症密切相关,更会通过表观遗传机制对子代远期代谢功能产生跨代影响。本文系统阐述IR导致妊娠并发症的分子机制,重点解析IR通过影响卵母细胞质量、子宫内膜容受性、血管内皮功能等途径引发不良妊娠结局的作用通路,并对当前干预策略的临床证据进行循证评价。Physiological Insulin Resistance (IR) during pregnancy is an important adaptive change to maintain fetal nutrition supply. However, pathological IR has become a key pathological basis affecting the health of both the mother and the fetus. Recent studies have shown that IR is not only closely related to common obstetric complications such as recurrent miscarriage, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP), but also has a trans-generational impact on the long-term metabolic function of offspring through epigenetic mechanisms. This article systematically expounds on the molecular mechanisms by which IR leads to pregnancy complications, focuses on analyzing the pathways through which IR causes adverse pregnancy outcomes by affecting oocyte quality, endometrial receptivity, vascular endothelial function, etc., and conducts an evidence-based evaluation of the clinical evidence of current intervention strategies.
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